porous scaffold
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojin Hou ◽  
Bingchuan Liu ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Zhongjun Liu ◽  
Fang Zhou

2022 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 125302
Author(s):  
Xiaobiao Du ◽  
Mohammad Dehghani ◽  
Naif Alsaadi ◽  
Mazyar Ghadiri Nejad ◽  
Saeed Saber-Samandari ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Long Chao ◽  
Chen Jiao ◽  
Huixin Liang ◽  
Deqiao Xie ◽  
Lida Shen ◽  
...  

Human bone cells live in a complex environment, and the biomimetic design of porous structures attached to implants is in high demand. Porous structures based on Voronoi tessellation with biomimetic potential are gradually used in bone repair scaffolds. In this study, the mechanical properties and permeability of trabecular-like porous scaffolds with different porosity levels and average apertures were analyzed. The mechanical properties of bone-implant scaffolds were evaluated using finite element analysis and a mechanical compression experiment, and the permeability was studied by computational fluid dynamics. Finally, the attachment of cells was observed by confocal fluorescence microscope. The results show that the performance of porous structures can be controlled by the initial design of the microstructure and tissue morphology. A good structural design can accurately match the performance of the natural bone. The study of mechanical properties and permeability of the porous structure can help address several problems, including stress shielding and bone ingrowth in existing biomimetic bone structures, and will also promotes cell adhesion, migration, and eventual new bone attachment.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4390
Author(s):  
Alda Malagón-Escandón ◽  
Mathieu Hautefeuille ◽  
Edgar Jimenez-Díaz ◽  
Jesus Arenas-Alatorre ◽  
José Manuel Saniger ◽  
...  

The use of three-dimensional porous scaffolds derived from decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasing for functional repair and regeneration of injured bone tissue. Because these scaffolds retain their native structures and bioactive molecules, in addition to showing low immunogenicity and good biodegradability, they can promote tissue repair and regeneration. Nonetheless, imitating these features in synthetic materials represents a challenging task. Furthermore, due to the complexity of bone tissue, different processes are necessary to maintain these characteristics. We present a novel approach using decellularized ECM material derived from bovine cancellous bone by demineralization, decellularization, and hydrolysis of collagen to obtain a three-dimensional porous scaffold. This study demonstrates that the three-dimensional porous scaffold obtained from bovine bone retained its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties and presented osteogenic potential when seeded with human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs). Based on its characteristics, the scaffold described in this work potentially represents a therapeutic strategy for bone repair.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Tayeed ◽  
Maryam Tehranchi ◽  
Arian Ehterami ◽  
Fereshteh Shanei ◽  
Ferial Taleghani ◽  
...  

Abstract Bone cells need solid structures like the extracellular matrix (ECM) for healing injured areas. Finding appropriate materials and fabrication processes for the scaffold is a challenge in tissue engineering. In this study, 3-D porous scaffold was made of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Nanoclay (PCL/GNF/NC) and different dosages of silybin (Sil) were loaded by a combination of electrospinning and thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) techniques. Different experiments like assessing surface morphology, porosity, compressive strength, water contact angle, degradation rate, releasing profile, hemolysis, and cell proliferation were done to assess attributes of fabricated scaffolds. For in vivo evaluation, the calvaria defect model in rats was used and the result was evaluated by histological analysis. Based on the results, the porosity of scaffolds was in the range of 70-90%, and samples containing silybin had lower compress strength and contact angle and higher degradation rate in comparison with samples without silybin. The results showed that PCL/GNF/NC/Sil1% had better cell proliferation bone healing than other studied groups. The results of this study can be considered for further researches to assess the effect of silybin in bone defect treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyong Li ◽  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Zhenkai Lou ◽  
Zhimin Jiang ◽  
Zhi Shi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Large bone defects have always been a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The use of a good bone substitute obtained by bone tissue engineering (BTE) may be an effective treatment method. Artificial hydroxyapatite, a commonly used bone defect filler, is the main inorganic component of bones. Because of its high brittleness, fragility, and lack of osteogenic active elements, its application is limited. Therefore, its fragility should be reduced, its osteogenic activity should be improved, and a more suitable scaffold should be constructed. Methods In this study, a microhydroxyapatite whisker (mHAw) was developed, which was doped with the essential trace active elements Mg2+ and Sr2+ through a low-temperature sintering technique. After being formulated into a slurry, a bionic porous scaffold was manufactured by extrusion molding and freeze drying, and then SiO2 was used to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The hydrophilicity, pore size, surface morphology, surface roughness, mechanical properties, and release rate of the osteogenic elements of the prepared scaffold were detected and analyzed. In in vitro experiments, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured on the scaffold to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. Results Four types of scaffolds were obtained: mHAw-SiO2 (SHA), Mg-doped mHAw-SiO2 (SMHA), Sr-doped mHAw-SiO2 (SSHA), and Mg-Sr codoped mHAw-SiO2 (SMSHA). SHA was the most hydrophilic (WCA 5°), while SMHA was the least (WCA 8°); SMHA had the smallest pore size (247.40 ± 23.66 μm), while SSHA had the largest (286.20 ± 19.04 μm); SHA had the smallest Young's modulus (122.43 ± 28.79 MPa), while SSHA had the largest (188.44 ± 47.89 MPa); and SHA had the smallest compressive strength (1.72 ± 0.29 MPa), while SMHA had the largest (2.47 ± 0.25 MPa). The osteogenic active elements Si, Mg, and Sr were evenly distributed and could be sustainably released from the scaffolds. None of the scaffolds had cytotoxicity. SMSHA had the highest supporting cell proliferation and spreading rate, and its ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs was also the strongest. Conclusions These composite porous scaffolds not only have acceptable physical and chemical properties suitable for BTE but also have higher osteogenic bioactivity and can possibly serve as potential bone repair materials.


Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huawei Qu ◽  
Zhenyu Han ◽  
Zhigang Chen ◽  
Lan Tang ◽  
Chongjian Gao ◽  
...  

Although extrusion-based three-dimensional (EB-3D) printing technique has been widely used in the complex fabrication of bone tissue-engineered scaffolds, a natural bone-like radial-gradient scaffold by this processing method is of huge challenge and still unmet. Inspired by a typical fractal structure of Koch snowflake, for the first time, a fractal-like porous scaffold with a controllable hierarchical gradient in the radial direction is presented via fractal design and then implemented by EB-3D printing. This radial-gradient structure successfully mimics the radially gradual decrease in porosity of natural bone from cancellous bone to cortical bone. First, we create a design-to-fabrication workflow with embedding the graded data on basis of fractal design into digital processing to instruct the extrusion process of fractal-like scaffolds. Further, by a combination of suitable extruded inks, a series of bone-mimicking scaffolds with a 3-iteration fractal-like structure are fabricated to demonstrate their superiority, including radial porosity, mechanical property, and permeability. This study showcases a robust strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional EB-3D printers for the design and fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds, showing great potential in bone tissue engineering.


Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1416
Author(s):  
Luis Humberto Campos Becerra ◽  
Alejandro Torres Castro

This paper proposes the bio-fabrication of a porous scaffold from a selection procedure of elements taking into account biological behavior, using magnesium (Mg) alloyed with calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). The proposed scaffold could work as a treatment for specific pathologies in trauma and oncology, on the one hand, in addition to possible applications in osteosynthesis, through contributing to osseointegration and infection control through the release of drugs. Finally, another possible attribute of this alloy could be its use as a complementary treatment for osteosarcoma; this is due to the basification produced by oxidative degradation (attack on cancer cells). The evaluation of cell viability of an alloy of Mg - 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will strengthen current perspectives on the use of Mg in the clinical evaluation of various treatments in trauma and oncology. Considerations on the preparation of an alloy of Mg - 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn and its morphological characterization will help researchers understand its applicability for the development of new surgical techniques and lead to a deeper investigation of alternative treatments. However, it is very important to bear in mind the mechanical effect of elements such as Ca and Zn on the degradation of the alloy matrix; the best alternative to predict the biological - mechanical potential starts with the selection of the essential - nutritional elements and their mechanical evaluation by micro-indentation due to the fragility of the matrix. Therefore, the morphological evaluation of the specimens of Mg - 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will show the crystallinity of the alloy; these results together contribute to the design of biomedical alloys for use in treatments for various medical specialties. The results indicated that cell viability is not affected, and there are no morphological changes in the cells.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6918
Author(s):  
Jinyang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Xianshuai Chen

The purpose of this study was to design porous implants with low stiffness and evaluate their biomechanical behavior. Thus, two types of porous implants were designed (Type I: a combined structure of diamond-like porous scaffold and traditional tapered thread. Type II: a cylindrical porous scaffold filled by arrayed basic diamond-like pore units). Three implant-supported prosthesis models were constructed from Type I, Type II and commercial implants (control group) and were evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). The stress distribution pattern of the porous implants were assessed and compared with the control group. In addition, the stiffness of the cylindrical specimens simplified from three types of implants was calculated. The Type I implant exhibited better stress distribution than the Type II implant. The maximum stress between the cortical bone–Type I implant interface was 12.9 and 19.0% lower than the other two groups. The peak stress at the cancellous bone–Type I implant interface was also reduced by 16.8 and 38.7%. Compared with the solid cylinder, the stiffness of diamond-like pore cylinders simplified from the two porous implants geometry was reduced by 61.5 to 76.1%. This construction method of porous implant can effectively lower its stiffness and optimize the stress distribution at the implant–bone interface.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Michel Thijs ◽  
Frans G. B. Ooms ◽  
Swapna Ganapathy ◽  
...  

AbstractLi metal batteries are being intensively investigated as a means to achieve higher energy density when compared with standard Li-ion batteries. However, the formation of dendritic and mossy Li metal microstructures at the negative electrode during stripping/plating cycles causes electrolyte decomposition and the formation of electronically disconnected Li metal particles. Here we investigate the use of a Cu current collector coated with a high dielectric BaTiO3 porous scaffold to suppress the electrical field gradients that cause morphological inhomogeneities during Li metal stripping/plating. Applying operando solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, we demonstrate that the high dielectric BaTiO3 porous scaffold promotes dense Li deposition, improves the average plating/stripping efficiency and extends the cycling life of the cell compared to both bare Cu and to a low dielectric scaffold material (i.e., Al2O3). We report electrochemical tests in full anode-free coin cells using a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode and a LiPF6-based electrolyte to demonstrate the cycling efficiency of the BaTiO3-coated Cu electrode.


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