The interaction of track structure and high-speed train has greater impact on safe and steady running of the trains. This paper obtained acceleration and frequency spectrum of the train's running vibration in the case of sleeper’s spacing and continuous failure, and continuous and spacing loose tie by establishing the vertical model of vehicle-track coupling system, and analyzed the sleeper failure and loose tie which has a greater impact on the 40-80 Hz vibration frequency of the train, which provided a basis for track maintenance.