Polarization of infiltrating macrophages in the outer annulus fibrosus layer associated with the process of intervertebral disc degeneration and neural ingrowth in the human cervical spine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yamagishi ◽  
Hideaki Nakajima ◽  
Yasuo Kokubo ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Akihiko Matsumine
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Outer Annulus ◽  
Outer Annulus Fibrosus

The Influence of Axial Compression on the Cellular and Mechanical Function of Spinal Tissues; Emphasis on The Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McMorran ◽  
Diane Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Mechanical Function

Abstract In light of the correlation between chronic back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration, this literature review seeks to illustrate the importance of the hydraulic response across the nucleus pulposus- annulus fibrosus interface, by synthesizing current information regarding injurious biomechanics of the spine, stemming from axial compression. Damage to vertebrae, endplates, the nucleus pulposus, and the annulus fibrosus, can all arise from axial compression, depending on the segment's posture, the manner in which it is loaded, and the physiological state of tissue. Therefore, this movement pattern was selected to illustrate the importance of the bracing effect of a pressurized nucleus pulposus on the annulus fibrosus, and how injuries interrupting support to the annulus fibrosus may contribute to intervertebral disc degeneration.

scholarly journals MRI evaluation of spontaneous intervertebral disc degeneration in the alpaca cervical spine

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1776-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean K. Stolworthy ◽  
Anton E. Bowden ◽  
Beverly L. Roeder ◽  
Todd F. Robinson ◽  
Jacob G. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Mri Evaluation

scholarly journals Functional probe for annulus fibrosus-targeted intervertebral disc degeneration imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 101308
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeong Kim ◽  
Michael Mcclincy ◽  
Nam V. Vo ◽  
Gwendolyn A. Sowa ◽  
James D. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Expression of 3-B-3(−) and 7-D-4 Chondroitin Sulfation, Tissue Remodeling, and Attempted Repair in an Ovine Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cartilage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Farrugia ◽  
Susan M. Smith ◽  
Cindy C. Shu ◽  
James Melrose
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Chondroid Metaplasia ◽  
Annular Lesions ◽  
Spontaneous Repair

Objective Examination of intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration in an ovine annular lesion model. Hypothesis Sulfation motifs are important functional determinants in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Previous studies have correlated 3-B-3(−) and 7-D-4 chondroitin sulfate (CS) motifs in tissues undergoing morphogenetic transition in development. We hypothesize that these motifs may also be expressed in degenerate IVDs and may represent a reparative response. Design Induction of disc degeneration by 5 mm or 6 × 20 mm lesions in the annulus fibrosus (AF) over 6 or 3 to 6 months postoperation (PO). Tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue–fast green, 3-B-3(−) and 7-D-4 CS-sulfation motifs were immunolocalized in 3-month PO 6 × 20 mm lesion IVDs. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), 3-B-3(−), and 7-D-4 epitopes were quantitated by ELISIA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay) in extracts of AF (lesion site and contralateral half) and nucleus pulposus (NP) 0, 3, and 6 months PO. Results Collagenous overgrowth of lesions occurred in the outer AF. Chondroid metaplasia in ~20% of the 6 × 20 mm affected discs resulted in integration of an outgrowth of NP tissue with the inner AF lamellae preventing propagation of the lesion. 3-B-3(−) and 7-D-4 CS sulfation motifs were immunolocalized in this chondroid tissue. ELISIA quantified CS sulfation motifs demonstrating an increase 3 to 6 months PO in the AF lesion and a reduction in sulfated GAG not evident in the contralateral AF. Conclusions (1) Outer annular lesions underwent spontaneous repair. (2) Chondroid metaplasia of the inner 6 × 20 mm defect prevented its propagation suggesting an apparent reparative response.

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