Sub-systems on the road to vehicle automation: Hands and feet free but not ‘mind’ free driving

The last decade has witnessed a growing demand for precise positioning in many applications including car navigation. Navigating automated land vehicles requires at least sub-meter level positioning accuracy with the lowest possible cost. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP) is capable of achieving sub-meter level accuracy in benign GNSS conditions using low-cost GNSS receivers. However, SF-PPP alone cannot be employed for land vehicles due to frequent signal degradation and blockage. In this paper, real-time SF-PPP is integrated with a low-cost consumer-grade Inertial Navigation System (INS) to provide a continuous and precise navigation solution. The PPP accuracy and the applied estimation algorithm contributed to reducing the effects of INS errors. The system was evaluated through two road tests which included open-sky, suburban, momentary outages, and complete GNSS outage conditions. The results showed that the developed PPP/INS system maintained horizontal sub-meter Root Mean Square (RMS) accuracy in open-sky and suburban environments. Moreover, the PPP/INS system could provide a continuous real-time positioning solution within the lane the vehicle is moving in. This lane-level accuracy was preserved even when passing under bridges and overpasses on the road. The developed PPP/INS system is expected to benefit low-cost precise land vehicle navigation applications including level 2 of vehicle automation which comprises services such as lane departure warning and lane-keeping assistance.

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Displays for Productive Non-Driving Related Tasks: Visual Behavior and Its Impact in Conditionally Automated Driving

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction ◽

10.3390/mti5040021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Clemens Schartmüller ◽

Klemens Weigl ◽

Andreas Löcken ◽

Philipp Wintersberger ◽

Marco Steinhauser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Driving Simulator ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Auditory Condition ◽

Safety Critical ◽

The Road ◽

Within Subjects ◽

On The Road ◽

Vehicle Automation

(1) Background: Primary driving tasks are increasingly being handled by vehicle automation so that support for non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) is becoming more and more important. In SAE L3 automation, vehicles can require the driver-passenger to take over driving controls, though. Interfaces for NDRTs must therefore guarantee safe operation and should also support productive work. (2) Method: We conducted a within-subjects driving simulator study (N=53) comparing Heads-Up Displays (HUDs) and Auditory Speech Displays (ASDs) for productive NDRT engagement. In this article, we assess the NDRT displays’ effectiveness by evaluating eye-tracking measures and setting them into relation to workload measures, self-ratings, and NDRT/take-over performance. (3) Results: Our data highlights substantially higher gaze dispersion but more extensive glances on the road center in the auditory condition than the HUD condition during automated driving. We further observed potentially safety-critical glance deviations from the road during take-overs after a HUD was used. These differences are reflected in self-ratings, workload indicators and take-over reaction times, but not in driving performance. (4) Conclusion: NDRT interfaces can influence visual attention even beyond their usage during automated driving. In particular, the HUD has resulted in safety-critical glances during manual driving after take-overs. We found this impacted workload and productivity but not driving performance.

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A SMART APPLICATION FOR VEHICLE AUTOMATION DEALING WITH TRAFFIC REGULATIONS AND AIR POLLUTION FOR ENVIRONMENT

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 194-198

Author(s):

M. Initha ◽

Shylu Dafni Agnus ◽

R. Tharini ◽

R. Sabitha ◽

S. Sivaranjani

Keyword(s):

Embedded System ◽

Automobile Industry ◽

Road Safety ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

Vehicle Automation ◽

And Control ◽

Modern Technologies ◽

New System ◽

Traffic Rules

Transportation has evolved greatly in recent years. With the modern Technologies, the automobile industry has obtained new heights with the respect to speed, efficiency and security. Despite growth and improvement in technology there has been rise in the rate of accidents. The technology used in the proposed design is embedded system. It is used to access, process, store and control the data. Now-a-day’s traffic rules are frequently violated by the drivers and over speeding occur due to bad driving behaviour. It may not be possible to view the regulatory (sign) boards placed by the Road safety Department to alert the drivers in such kind of places and there is a chance for accident. The main objective of the Project is to design and develop a new system that can effectively detect speed violations on the road, and support the driver to obey traffic rules while driving by maintaining the speed of vehicle in accordance to the speed limit prescribed for the particular zone. The proposed system gives an alert with the help of voice module and LCD. The main objective of the project is to overcome the challenges which include accidents that occur due to lack of concentration, conversing over phone while driving and the pollution emitted by the vehicles.

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