scholarly journals Polygyny and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from 16 cross-sectional demographic and health surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100729
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Investigation of the Possible Moderators of Alcohol-Related Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Ekpenyong M.S. ◽  
Tawari E. P.2
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

Alcohol-related intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue which has attracted a lot of research and debates. While some studies have reported the relationship between alcohol and IPV to be linear, others have reported threshold effects. While some studies have found the link to be strong, others have reported it to be weak or to show no association. The aim of this study was to determine the possible moderators on the alcohol-IPV link in sub-Saharan Africa. For the quantitative study, secondary analysis and meta-analysis were used to analyze cross-sectional data from the demographic and health surveys of ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). Logistic regression analysis of possible moderators of the alcohol-IPV link was determined in ten sub-Saharan African countries. The nature of moderation was different among countries. The results of this study can be applied in planning country-specific and multi-faceted intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence against Women Living in Inadequate Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10138
Author(s):  
Yaqing Gao ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Mi ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Siyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Country Specific

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a major public health problem and is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, little is known about its environmental determinants. This study aimed to investigate whether inadequate living conditions are associated with IPV victimization in women in SSA. We analyzed cross-sectional data for 102,714 women in 25 SSA countries obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. Logistic regression was used to estimate the country-specific effects of inadequate living conditions (housing with at least one of four characteristics of unimproved water, unimproved sanitation, insufficient space, and unfinished materials) on multiple forms of IPV. Random effects meta-analysis was used to combined the country-specific estimates. We found an association between inadequate living conditions and a higher likelihood of experiencing any (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p = 0.012), sexual (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34, p = 0.008), emotional (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23, p = 0.023), and physical (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.010) IPV. The associations were stronger for rural and less-educated women. These findings suggest that future research to establish a causal link between living conditions and IPV and to elucidate the underlying pathways is crucial to design IPV interventions in SSA.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and intimate partner violence among women and their partners in sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Greene ◽  
J. C. Kane ◽  
W. A. Tol
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Alcohol use is a well-documented risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the majority of research comes from high-income countries.Methods:Using nationally representative data from 86 024 women that participated in the Demographic and Health Surveys, we evaluated the relationship between male partner alcohol use and experiencing IPV in 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using multilevel mixed-effects models, we calculated the within-country, between-country, and contextual effects of alcohol use on IPV.Results:Prevalence of partner alcohol use and IPV ranged substantially across countries (3–62 and 11–60%, respectively). Partner alcohol use was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting IPV for all 14 countries included in this analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between alcohol use and IPV, although largely explained by partner alcohol use, was also attributable to overall prevalence of alcohol use in a given country. The partner alcohol use–IPV relationship was moderated by socioeconomic status (SES): among women with a partner who used alcohol those with lower SES had higher odds of experiencing IPV than women with higher SES.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that partner alcohol use is a robust correlate of IPV in SSA; however, drinking norms may independently relate to IPV and confound the relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV. These findings motivate future research employing experimental and longitudinal designs to examine alcohol use as a modifiable risk factor of IPV and as a novel target for treatment and prevention research to reduce IPV in SSA.

Rainfall shocks and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Sara Cools ◽  
Martin Flatø ◽  
Andreas Kotsadam
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan

Global climate change makes extreme precipitation events likely to become more frequent and intense in large parts of Africa. We study the effect of rainfall shocks on intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis shows the presence of spatial autocorrelation in rainfall shocks, which compromises the exogeneity of rainfall shocks in many applications. We correct for the autocorrelation using spatial polynomials. In particular, we use three different estimation strategies. We first use the complete cross-sectional sample to analyze whether recent droughts are correlated with respondents’ experience with intimate partner violence during the last year. We then use the nine countries with repeated surveys to construct a repeated cross-section analysis at the grid level. Finally, we use event history analysis on a time series constructed from the information provided by the abused women about when the violence first took place. We find no robust evidence that droughts increase intimate partner violence. Potential explanations are that the rainfall shocks do not affect spouses’ power, or that the slow onset of the droughts allows for a calmer response to the crisis. We contribute to the wider literature on climate and conflict as many of the mechanisms, economic and psychological, that link climate to violence apply to both intimate partner violence and organized violence.

scholarly journals Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare ◽  
Prince Peprah ◽  
Isaac Yeboah Addo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Interparental Violence ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the critical factors that account for the high prevalence of IPV among women. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and IPV justification among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Data for this study were obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 26 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2020. A total of 112,953 women in sexual unions were included in this study. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results of the regression analysis were presented using crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The prevalence of interparental violence in the countries considered in this study was 23.8%, with the highest (40.8%) and lowest (4.9%) in Burundi and Comoros, respectively. IPV justification was 45.8%, with the highest and lowest prevalence in Mali (80.9%) and South Africa (4.6%) respectively. Women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to justify IPV compared to those who were not exposed [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.47–1.59]. We found higher odds of justification of IPV among women who were exposed to interparental violence compared to those who were not exposed in all the countries, except Burkina Faso, Comoros, Gambia, and Rwanda. Conclusion The findings call for several strategies for addressing interparental violence. These may include empowerment services targeting both men and women, formation of stronger social networks to improve women’s self-confidence, and the provision of evidence-based information and resources at the community level. These interventions should pay critical attention to young people exposed to interparental violence. Public health education and messaging should emphasise on the negative health and social implications of interparental violence and IPV.

Association Between Girl-child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights From a Multicountry Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Olayinka Modupe Onayemi ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Oluwafemi Emmanuel Awopegba ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

While considerable attention has been given to the health consequences of child marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), limited studies exist on its impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) in the region. We address this gap by examining the link between child marriage and IPV. We tested our study hypothesis using demographic and health survey data of 28,206 young women aged 20-24 years from 16 SSA countries with recent surveys (2015-2019). Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of child marriage on IPV. Child marriage prevalence ranged from 13.5% in Rwanda, in East Africa, to 77% in Chad, in Central Africa, while IPV ranged from 17.5% in Mozambique in Southern Africa to 42% in Uganda, in East Africa. Past year experience of IPV was higher among young women who married or begun cohabiting before the age of 18 (36.9%) than those who did at age 18 or more (32.5%). This result was consistent for all forms of violence: physical violence (22.7% vs 19.7%), emotional violence (25.3% vs 21.9%), and sexual violence (12% vs 10.4%). After controlling for covariates, we found that young women in SSA who married before 18 years were more likely to experience IPV than those who married as adults (AOR: 1.20; 95% CI [1.12, 1.29]). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the country-level results, with a higher likelihood of IPV found in 14 of the 16 countries and lower in Angola and Chad. Child marriage is associated with a higher likelihood of IPV in most SSA countries, suggesting that ending child marriage will result in a substantial reduction in IPV. There is a need to institute policies to support and protect women who marry as children from abusive relationships in SSA.

Women as perpetrators of intimate partner violence in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Y. Tenkorang
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ghanaian Women ◽  
Self Defence

Previous studies on intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana focused mainly on male-perpetrated violence, with little emphasis on female-perpetrated abuse and the factors influencing it. Using nationally representative cross-sectional data collected in 2017 from a sample of 2,289 Ghanaian women and applying regression techniques, this study explored the determinants of female-perpetrated violence. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of respondents perpetrated emotional violence against their partners; few used physical or sexual violence. Victims of intimate partner violence were more likely to perpetrate violence against their partners than those who had never been victimised. Women were more likely to perpetrate specific types of violence (physical, sexual or emotional) if they: thought their partners were controlling; expected to encounter violence in the future; thought their relationships had some level of tension; and/or were exposed to violence in their early childhood. The findings provide qualified support for the proposition that women perpetrate violence against their partners for reasons of self-defence but also show that the violence is mutual and bidirectional. The findings point to the complexities of the context of the violence perpetrated by women and suggest that domestic violence interventions should acknowledge these complexities.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Few studies examine female-perpetrated violence in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana.</li><br /><li>This study fills an important scholarly gap by exploring the determinants of female-perpetrated violence in Ghana.</li><br /><li>Findings provide qualified support for the proposition that women perpetrate violence against their partners for reasons of self-defence, but also show that the violence is mutual and bidirectional.</li></ul>

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