Smartphone assisted immunodetection of HIV p24 antigen using reusable, centrifugal microchannel array chip

AbstractElectronic skin (E-skin) capable of detecting various physical stimuli is required for monitoring external environments accurately. Here, we report an all-soft multiaxial force sensor based on liquid metal microchannel array for electronic skin applications. The proposed sensor is composed of stretchable elastomer and Galinstan, a eutectic gallium-indium alloy, providing a high mechanical flexibility and electro-mechanical durability. Liquid metal microchannel arrays are fabricated in multilayer and positioned along a dome structure to detect multi-directional forces, supported by numerical simulation results. By adjusting the height of the dome, we could control the response of the multiaxial sensor with respect to the deflection. As a demonstration of multiaxial force sensing, we were able to monitor the direction of multidirectional forces using a finger by the response of liquid metal microchannel arrays. This research could be applied to various fields including soft robotics, wearable devices, and smart prosthetics for artificial intelligent skin applications.

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Suppression of p24 antigen in sera from HIV-infected individuals with low-dose α-interferon and zidovudine

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-198902000-00008 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Marianne Orholm ◽

Court Pedersen ◽

Lars Mathiesen ◽

Pauline Dowd ◽

Jens O. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

P24 Antigen

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A Simple Method for Improved Assay Demonstrates that HIV p24 Antigen Is Present as Immune Complexes in Most Sera from HIV-Infected Individuals

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/162.1.21 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 162 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

P. Nishanian ◽

K. R. Huskins ◽

S. Stehn ◽

R. Detels ◽

J. L. Fahey

Keyword(s):

Immune Complexes ◽

Simple Method ◽

P24 Antigen

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Streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoclusters as ultrasensitive fluorescent sensors for early diagnosis of HIV infection

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aar6280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. eaar6280 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Aditya Dileep Kurdekar ◽

L. A. Avinash Chunduri ◽

C. Sai Manohar ◽

Mohan Kumar Haleyurgirisetty ◽

Indira K. Hewlett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Gold Nanoclusters ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Metal Nanoclusters ◽

Detection Range ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

P24 Antigen ◽

Hiv 1

We have engineered streptavidin-labeled fluorescent gold nanoclusters to develop a gold nanocluster immunoassay (GNCIA) for the early and sensitive detection of HIV infection. We performed computational simulations on the mechanism of interaction between the nanoclusters and the streptavidin protein via in silico studies and showed that gold nanoclusters enhance the binding to the protein, by enhancing interaction between the Au atoms and the specific active site residues, compared to other metal nanoclusters. We also evaluated the role of glutathione conjugation in binding to gold nanoclusters with streptavidin. As proof of concept, GNCIA achieved a sensitivity limit of detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen in clinical specimens of 5 pg/ml, with a detection range up to1000 pg/ml in a linear dose-dependent manner. GNCIA demonstrated a threefold higher sensitivity and specificity compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of HIV p24 antigen. The specificity of the immunoassay was 100% when tested with plasma samples negative for HIV-1 p24 antigen and positive for viruses such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and dengue. GNCIA could be developed into a universal labeling technology using the relevant capture and detector antibodies for the specific detection of antigens of various pathogens in the future.

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