Second generation science parks: from structural holes jockeys to social capital catalysts of the knowledge society

Technovation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Hansson ◽  
Kenneth Husted ◽  
Jakob Vestergaard
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Structural Holes

scholarly journals Research groups' social capital

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Ziherl ◽  
Hajdeja Iglič ◽  
Anuška Ferligoj
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Complete Networks ◽  
And Performance

Our purpose in this article is to study the characteristics of a research group's social capital. We proceed from the theoretical distinctions made in the literature on social capital, such as weak against strong ties, structural holes against cohesion and homogeneity against heterogeneity of a group. We assume that research groups differ systematically with respect to the kind of social capital they possess, which has an impact on the scientific performance of the members of these groups. Social capital of research groups is conceptualized in terms of complete networks. We use the data from the Slovenian study of academic research groups conducted in 2003/2004. Research groups include Ph.D. students, their supervisors, and other researchers. They are representative of the Slovenian research groups, which include Ph.D. students under the "junior researchers" program financed by the Slovenian Ministry of Technology and Higher Education. We explore the variation in research groups' social capital by using a clustering approach. The analysis reveals three types of research group's social capital: weak social capital, strong social capital of a bonding kind, and strong social capital of a bridging type. Research groups with weak social capital are small, and cooperation ties among group members are weak. Bonding social capital is characteristic for small research groups with strong cooperation ties, which are embedded in a dense network structure. Bridging social capital is found in research groups which consist of a larger number of researchers from different institutions connected with one another with ties of a moderate strength. The network structure in the latter case shows structural holes. In the last part of the paper, we ask whether scientific performance of Ph.D. students varies according to the social capital of their research groups. We found that students who are involved in research groups with bridging social capital show significantly better performance than students who are members of the groups with either bonding or weak social capital. The relationship between the strength of ties and performance seems to be non-linear: it is the moderate strength of social ties and moderate group cohesiveness, which comes along the cooperation across different institutions and disciplines, that is the most beneficial for the performance of Ph.D. students.

"Tra inclusione ed emarginazione?" Percorsi scolastici dei giovani d'origine immigrata nella scuola secondaria superiore italiana

2009 ◽  
pp. 163-187
Author(s):  
Andrea Ravecca
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
School Year ◽  
Ethnic Capital ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Educational Paths ◽  
A Minor

- In the last few years, the Italian migra-tory setting has been characterised by an increasing presence of second generation young migrants, most of them in the school. Their educational integration has been studied mostly referring to the processes of cultural inclusion in the receiving society, with a minor attention on the achievement. We will try to describe the young migrants' educational paths in the high school, that - in case of failure - could represent the starting point of social and occupational marginalization, or, if they are succeeding, it could represent the first step of intergenerational mobility. Starting from the most relevant theories on the school achievement of the migrant children, we will examine the concept of human, cultural and social capital as a factor influencing the differences in the educational outcomes: we will also ana-lyse the concept of ethnic capital, and its particular characteristics in Ecuadorian migrants. A research run in Genoa in the school year 2006/07 with two samples of youth in high secondary school, one of second generation Ecuadorians, one of Ital-ians with the same characteristic, allows to better understand differences and com-munalities in the educational paths.Keywords Social capital, human capital, school achievement, socialization, second generations.

Policing Immigrant Communities

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Jan Haldipur
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Dinner Table

This chapter focuses on the experiences of recent immigrants (1.5 and second generation included) in the neighborhood. The life stories of “Kwesi,” “Saikou,” “Gauri,” “Adriana,” “Manny,” and “Ralphie,” originate from five countries spread across three continents; with some having spent a significant amount of time in the country of origin, others only getting glimpses of their parents’ country through secondhand stories told at the dinner table. Through these narratives, this chapter details how their lack of social capital in the neighborhood, coupled with the strength of ethnic group ties, can work to provide a protective buffer between immigrant groups and police.

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