Human gaze control during real-world scene perception

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Gaze Control

Regarding Scenes

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Gaze Stability

When we view the visual world, our eyes flit from one location to another about three times each second. These frequent changes in gaze direction result from very fast saccadic eye movements. Useful visual information is acquired only during fixations, periods of relative gaze stability. Gaze control is defined as the process of directing fixation through a scene in real time in the service of ongoing perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral activity. This article discusses current approaches and new empirical findings that are allowing investigators to unravel how human gaze control operates during active real-world scene perception.

Gaze Control in Complex Scene Perception

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Scene Perception ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Complex Scene

scholarly journals Refixation Patterns of Mind-wandering during Real-world Scene Perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Nicola C Anderson ◽  
Kevin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thought Probes

Recent studies have shown that mind-wandering (MW) is associated with changes in eye movement parameters, but have not explored how MW affects the sequential pattern of eye movements involved in making sense of complex visual information. Eye movements naturally unfold over time and this process may reveal novel information about cognitive processing during MW. The current study used Recurrence Quantification Analysis (Anderson, Bischof, Laidlaw, Risko, & Kingstone, 2013) to describe the pattern of refixations (fixations directed to previously-inspected regions) during MW. Participants completed a real-world scene encoding task and responded to thought probes assessing intentional and unintentional MW. Both types of MW were associated with worse memory of the scenes. Importantly, RQA showed that scanpaths during unintentional MW were more repetitive than during on-task episodes, as indicated by a higher recurrence rate and more stereotypical fixation sequences. This increased repetitiveness suggests an adaptive response to processing failures through re-examining previous locations. Moreover, this increased repetitiveness contributed to fixations focusing on a smaller spatial scale of the stimuli. Finally, we were also able to validate several traditional measures: both intentional and unintentional MW were associated with fewer and longer fixations; Eye-blinking increased numerically during both types of MW but the difference was only significant for unintentional MW. Overall, the results advanced our understanding of how visual processing is affected during MW by highlighting the sequential aspect of eye movements.

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013-2023
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Jessica E. Goold ◽  
Wonil Choi ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
High Level

During real-world scene perception, viewers actively direct their attention through a scene in a controlled sequence of eye fixations. During each fixation, local scene properties are attended, analyzed, and interpreted. What is the relationship between fixated scene properties and neural activity in the visual cortex? Participants inspected photographs of real-world scenes in an MRI scanner while their eye movements were recorded. Fixation-related fMRI was used to measure activation as a function of lower- and higher-level scene properties at fixation, operationalized as edge density and meaning maps, respectively. We found that edge density at fixation was most associated with activation in early visual areas, whereas semantic content at fixation was most associated with activation along the ventral visual stream including core object and scene-selective areas (lateral occipital complex, parahippocampal place area, occipital place area, and retrosplenial cortex). The observed activation from semantic content was not accounted for by differences in edge density. The results are consistent with active vision models in which fixation gates detailed visual analysis for fixated scene regions, and this gating influences both lower and higher levels of scene analysis.

scholarly journals Real‐world scene perception in infants: What factors guide attention allocation?

Infancy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan R. Renswoude ◽  
Ingmar Visser ◽  
Maartje E. J. Raijmakers ◽  
Tawny Tsang ◽  
Scott P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Attention Allocation

scholarly journals Recognition of action and intention in real-world scene perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Tinghu KANG ◽  
Xi XUE
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception

The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Preview Benefit ◽  
Visual World Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Span ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Eye movements are now widely used to investigate cognitive processes during reading, scene perception, and visual search. In this article, research on the following topics is reviewed with respect to reading: (a) the perceptual span (or span of effective vision), (b) preview benefit, (c) eye movement control, and (d) models of eye movements. Related issues with respect to eye movements during scene perception and visual search are also reviewed. It is argued that research on eye movements during reading has been somewhat advanced over research on eye movements in scene perception and visual search and that some of the paradigms developed to study reading should be more widely adopted in the study of scene perception and visual search. Research dealing with “real-world” tasks and research utilizing the visual-world paradigm are also briefly discussed.

Objects are Prioritized for Attention Based Upon Meaning During Active Scene Viewing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Elise Peacock ◽  
Elizabeth Hall ◽  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Real World ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Scene Viewing

Although the physical salience of objects has previously been demonstrated to guide attention in real-world scene perception, it is unknown whether objects are also prioritized based on their meaning. To answer this question, we computed the average meaning and the average physical salience of objects in scenes. Using eye movement data from aesthetic judgment and memorization tasks, we then tested whether fixations are more likely to land on high-meaning objects than low-meaning objects while controlling for object salience. The results demonstrated that fixations are more likely to be directed to high meaning objects than low meaning objects regardless of object salience. Furthermore, the influence of object salience was progressively reduced as object meaning increased and was eliminated at the highest levels of meaning. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that objects are prioritized by meaning for attentional selection during active scene viewing.

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