1081: Basic Research on Safety Assessment of Medical Ultrasound - The Problems in the Estimation of Safety Indexes

Biomarkers perform a significant function in the process of drug development. Biomarkers have been utilized in the safety assessment of drugs in clinical practice and also for personalization of medicines. To recognize the relation among considerable biological processes as well as clinical outcomes, it is important to increase our potential of treatments for all ailments, in addition to our understanding of normal and healthy physiology. Since the 1980s, using biomarkers is essential for substitutional results in long term assessments of main maladies, for example, cancer, as well as illness related to the heart. Now a days, biomarkers are highly important for unifying discovery of the drug and day by day improvements. The importance of biomarkers is increasing gradually with the advancement of novel therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of a broad range of diseases in order to overcome hepatotoxicity. These biomarkers are extensively used for the identification of disease and the field of medical research. The use of biomarkers in clinical as well as basic research has been promoted rapidly by the different drug regulation authorities for better outcomes in the future.

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The justification of non-obstetric ultrasound referrals: A safe and effective practice

Ultrasound ◽

10.1177/1742271x211005510 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1742271X2110055

Author(s):

Shaunna Smith ◽

Trevor Parker ◽

Pamela Parker

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Imaging ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Medical Ultrasound ◽

Obstetric Ultrasound ◽

Clinical Specialist ◽

Benign Pathology ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Strong Agreement

Introduction In 2015 the British Medical Ultrasound Society released a referral justification document for rejection of inappropriate ultrasound referrals to help manage increasing demand and ensure correct utilisation of diagnostic imaging tests. In our trust, referrals that were not aligned with the guidance were cancelled and returned to general practitioners, providing reasons for cancellation and advising other diagnostic tests if appropriate. Methodology: In total, 1000 cases cancelled between April and August 2019 were retrospectively audited by a team of clinical specialist sonographers. Interoperator agreement against BMUS justification guidelines and safety of this cancellation process were established. Duplicate imaging referrals, referrals made that should have been placed on management pathways or referrals cancelled by the patient directly were excluded in the safety assessment. Results There was strong agreement amongst sonographers regarding cancellations. After exclusions, 389 cases were included for review. The majority (90.5%) required no onward imaging and were therefore deemed cancelled appropriately. There were 37 patients found with pathology on subsequent imaging, two of which were found to have cancer and the remainder with benign pathology. Conclusions Overall, we found the cancellation process to be safe and the justification document easy to utilise in practice. This process has ensured a minimal waiting time for ultrasound imaging is maintained and that demand can be managed to meet the available capacity.

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A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061318 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 260-261

Author(s):

M. Nishigaki ◽

S. Katagiri ◽

H. Kimura ◽

B. Tadano

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage ◽

Basic Research ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Biological Specimen ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

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An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010706x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 1000-1001

Author(s):

M.J. Hennessy ◽

E. Kwok

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Basic Research ◽

Local Environment ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Nmr Microscopy ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Temperature Relaxation ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

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Abstract #379 The Eversense CGM System Accuracy and Safety Assessment on the Abdomen Compared to the Upper Arm in a Home Use Setting

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)46723-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Magnus Löndahl ◽

Mona Landin-Olsson ◽

Stig Attval ◽

Colleen Mdingi ◽

Katherine S Tweden

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Upper Arm

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Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: developing integration of healthcare programmes with clinical, social and basic research studies

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1080/08035250310006025 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 1343-1348

Author(s):

Menu E ◽

Scarlatti G ◽

Barré-Sinoussi F ◽

Gray G ◽

Bollinger B ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Research ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Research Studies

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The Multiple Faces of Risk-Taking

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000335 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 17-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Florian Schmitz ◽

Karsten Manske ◽

Franzis Preckel ◽

Oliver Wilhelm

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Basic Research ◽

Formal Models ◽

Experimental Paradigm ◽

Nomological Network ◽

Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽

Parameter Recovery ◽

Task Specificity ◽

Available Information ◽

Criterion Variables

Abstract. The Balloon-Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., 2002 ) is one of the most popular behavioral tasks suggested to assess risk-taking in the laboratory. Previous research has shown that the conventionally computed score is predictive, but neglects available information in the data. We suggest a number of alternative scores that are motivated by theories of risk-taking and that exploit more of the available data. These scores can be grouped around (1) risk-taking, (2) task performance, (3) impulsive decision making, and (4) reinforcement sequence modulation. Their theoretical rationale is detailed and their validity is tested within the nomological network of risk-taking, deviance, and scholastic achievement. Two multivariate studies were conducted with youths (n = 435) and with adolescents/young adults (n = 316). Additionally, we tested formal models suggested for the BART that decompose observed behavior into a set of meaningful parameters. A simulation study with parameter recovery was conducted, and the data from the two studies were reanalyzed using the models. Most scores were reliable and differentially predictive of criterion variables and may be used in basic research. However, task specificity and the generally moderate validity do not warrant use of the experimental paradigm for diagnostic purposes.

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