The effect of guaifenesin on the induction dose of propofol in dogs

The sedative, propofol-sparing and cardiopulmonary effects of acepromazine, midazolam, butorphanol and combinations of butorphanol with acepromazine or midazolam in goats were evaluated. Six healthy Boer - Indigenous African crossbreed goats were by randomised cross-over designated to 6 groups: Group SAL that received saline, Group ACE that received acepromazine, Group MID that received midazolam, Group BUT that received butorphanol, Group ACEBUT that received acepromazine and butorphanol and Group MIDBUT that received midazolam and butorphanol as premedication agents intramuscularly on different occasions at least 3 weeks apart. The degree of sedation was assessed 20 minutes after administration of the premedication agents. Thirty minutes after premedication, the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia adequate to allow placement of an endotracheal tube was determined. Cardiovascular, respiratory and arterial blood-gas parameters were assessed up to 30 minutes after induction of general anaesthesia. Acepromazine and midazolam produced significant sedation when administered alone, but premedication regimens incorporating butorphanol produced inconsistent results. The dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia was significantly reduced in goats that received midazolam alone, or midazolam combined with either acepromazine or butorphanol. The quality of induction of anaesthesia was good in all groups, including the control group. Cardiovascular, respiratory and blood-gas parameters were within normal limits in all groups and not significantly different between or within all groups. In conclusion: sedation with midazolam alone, or midazolam combined with either acepromazine or butorphanol significantly reduces the induction dose of propofol with minimal cardiopulmonary effects in goats.

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INDUCTION DOSE-RESPONSE OF PROPOFOL IN UNPREMEDICATED CHILDREN

British Journal of Anaesthesia ◽

10.1093/bja/68.1.64 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 64-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

C.S.T. AUN ◽

S.M. SHORT ◽

D.H.Y. LEUNG ◽

T.E. OH

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Induction Dose

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Induction dose of atracrium does not interfere intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy

European Journal of Anaesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00003643-200706001-00095 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (Supplement 39) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

I. Lu ◽

K. S. Chu ◽

C. J. Tseng

Keyword(s):

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Induction Dose

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Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Cladribine Used in Increased Dosage in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: 20-Year Observational Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5207

Author(s):

Konrad Rejdak ◽

Adriana Zasybska ◽

Aleksandra Pietruczuk ◽

Dariusz Baranowski ◽

Sebastian Szklener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cumulative Dose ◽

Induction Dose ◽

Disability Status ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

Dosing Regimens ◽

Favorable Safety ◽

Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Cladribine is currently registered as a 10-milligram tablet formulation with a fixed cumulative dosage of 3.5 mg/kg over 2 years. It is important to investigate if an increased dosage may lead to further clinical stability with preserved safety. This study used an off-label subcutaneous (s.c.) formulation of cladribine and compared outcomes (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and disease progression) between 52 relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) patients receiving different s.c. dosing regimens with up to 20 years of follow-up. The study group received induction therapy with s.c. cladribine (1.8 mg/kg cumulative dose; consistent with 3.5 mg/kg of cladribine tablets). Patients were subsequently offered maintenance therapy (repeated courses of 0.3 mg/kg s.c. cladribine during 5–20-year follow-up). Forty-one patients received an increased cumulative dose (higher than the induction dose of 1.8 mg/kg); 11 received the standard induction dose. Risk of progression on the EDSS correlated with lower cumulative dose (p < 0.05) and more advanced disability at treatment initiation (p < 0.05) as assessed by EDSS change between year 1 and years 5 and 10 as the last follow-up. Maintenance treatment was safe and well-tolerated, based on limited source data. Subcutaneous cladribine with increased cumulative maintenance dosage was associated with disease stability and favorable safety over a prolonged period of follow-up (up to 20 years) in RMS patients.

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The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Education and Research ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1146 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 62-65

Author(s):

Suman Arora ◽

Harihar Vishwanath Hegde ◽

Jyotsna Wig

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Saline Group ◽

Small Extent ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Test Drug ◽

Normal Saline Group ◽

Induction Dose

ABSTRACT Background Preinduction cardiac output (CO) is a small but significant predictor of induction dose of propofol. We hypothesized that glycopyrrolate, by inducing tachycardia (although to a small extent) would increase CO, and hence the induction dose of propofol. Aim of the study was to find out the dose of propofol required to induce anesthesia in patients receiving glycopyrrolate as compared to those not receiving it. Meterials and methods Eighty female patients (25-60 years, ASA-1, 2) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were randomized into group G (glycopyrrolate) and group C (control). Patients received 1 ml (0.2 mg) glycopyrrolate (group G) or 1 ml normal saline (group C) intravenously 5 minutes before induction. Anesthesia was induced with propofol at a rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min titrated to achieve a target BIS = 40. Dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia (loss of consciousness) and to reach the target BIS, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at various intervals were compared. Correlation between the dose of propofol required to reach target BIS = 40 and heart rate after giving the test drug was performed by regression analysis. Results The dose of propofol required for achieving target BIS was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in group G (2.08 ± 0.42 mg/kg) (mean ± SD) as compared to group C (1.66 ± 0.23 mg/ kg). There was a significant positive correlation between the preinduction HR (3 minutes after giving the test drug) and the propofol dose required to reach target BIS = 40 (r = 0.356, p < 0.01). Conclusion Administration of 0.2 mg of glycopyrrolate intravenously before induction of general anesthesia significantly increased the dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia. How to cite this article Arora S, Hegde HV, wig J, Puri GD. The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2): 62-65.

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