Cultural Diversity, Negotiation, and Organizational Leadership

In globalization, the business world is becoming increasingly complex and challenging for small and medium companies in Latin American countries. There are variables that determine the success of a national and international business. In the latter case, one must have a good knowledge of the country's environment with which a commercial operation is carried out (competitors, political, economic, socio-cultural, legal, technological, etc). All these factors are undoubtedly important in the field of international treaties or agreements, as well as the precise information of the negotiating company. However, variables such as leadership and organizational culture and, in particular, cultural diversity are to a small extent considered as decisive factors of business competitiveness. The chapter describes the importance of the three variables as tools for the performance of Colombian companies in an international context and shows the results of the CW Model of the Culture Assistant, where seven key elements of cultural diversity are evaluated in organizations.

Prasa lokalna jako źródło do badań dialektologicznych (na przykładzie kieleckich „Przemian”)

The local press is used to a small extent for dialectological studies. In the article, I present a review and typology of press materials contained in the Kielce socio-cultural monthly „Przemiany” (Transformation, 1970–1989), which is a valuable source of language material, primarily for Polish dialectical lexicography, but also for the study of the language system of the Kielce dialects from the 1980s and 1990s. The sociolinguistic aspect is included in the description of dialects in the analyzed press texts. On the one hand, Kielce dialect materials broaden the number of printed sources for the issued Polish dialect dictionary, and on the other – they can be well used when developing a regional glossary.

Results determination of need patients to implantology dentistry help in depending of extent’s occlusion defects in different territorial-administrative zone of Tajikistan

Aim. To define the needs of patient in implantology dentistry help in depending of extent defect teeth rows beside populations living in different region of the Republic of Tajikistan.Material and methods. In the article are presents the results determination of needs patients to implantology dentistry help in depending of extent defect teeth rows beside populations living in different region of the Republic of Tajikistan. In examined group entered dentistry patients both sexual difference with defect of the teeth rows which were divided into 3 groups: 1st group formed the 372 patients with small defect of the teeth rows (absence 1–3 teeth); in 2nd group entered 783 examined patients with average extent (absence 4–6 teeth) of the defect of teeth row; 3rd group formed 109 patients with greater defect of the teeth rows (absence more than 6 teeth). For the reason studies of extent defect teeth rows organized clinical and epidemiological examination of the orthopedic status in different territorial-administrative zone.Results. Amongst examined persons in respect of defect of the teeth rows by small extent exists reliable reduction their prevalence on measure of the increase the age, then comparatively occlusion defects with average and big extent noted reliable increase of the factor of prevalence.Conclusions. Got material allow to improve rendering of implant’s prosthesis in depending of extent occlusion defects and hereinafter completely shorten the risk of invalidation chewing device.

Estimation of Rheological Effects in Cantilever Concrete Bridges on the Basis of a Span's Deflection Line

A characteristic feature of bridges as large span objects made using cantilever concreting technology are their excessive deflections, which are a result of rheological processes in concrete and pre-stressing steel. These deflections can be caused by the destruction of the material, e.g., concrete cracking, as well as the changing of the static scheme of the bridge structure, such as the subsidence of supports. The purpose of the work is to determine internal forces based on the deformation of a span. An algorithm for the correction of the deflection function, which is determined from geodetic measurements with a low accuracy, was proposed. It is characterized by a marked improvement in the results of calculations and, to a small extent, leads to the smoothing of the original measurement results. The algorithm is adapted to the analysis of a selected fragment of the structure, e.g., spans with the largest length and can be useful for monitoring bridge structures.

Who Falls in Love With a Narcissist? Testing Women’s Romantic Attraction Towards Fictional Male Characters

The present research examined whether women’s narcissistic traits, thrill-seeking, impulsivity, and attachment style are associated with their level of attraction towards narcissistic men. Two trait dimensions of narcissism were distinguished: admiration (i.e., promoting oneself to gain admiration) and rivalry (i.e., devaluing others to protect one’s self-view). Participants (195 heterosexual women, Mage = 20.78, SD = 2.40) were asked to rate their level of attraction towards 25 pictures of fictional male characters who score relatively high or low on narcissism. Using multilevel modelling, we found that women were more attracted to men with high levels of narcissistic admiration (vs. low), and less attracted towards men with high scores on narcissistic rivalry (vs. low). We found no evidence that women who scored high on narcissism were more attracted to narcissistic men. Response surface analyses revealed that women who scored high on thrill-seeking (vs. low) were more attracted to narcissistic admiration, and to a lesser extent to narcissistic rivalry. Additionally, we discovered that women who scored high on impulsivity or avoidant attachment (vs. low) were (to a small extent) more attracted to narcissistic rivalry. Identifying women who are attracted to narcissistic men can help to implement and improve prevention or intervention programs related to narcissism in romantic relationships.

Identity Diffusion and Extremist Attitudes in Adolescence

Various theoretical approaches assume that identity diffusion is an influencing factor of extremism. However, there are hardly any empirical tests on this relationship. Based on a nationwide survey of 8,317 young people in Switzerland, the study analyses whether identity diffusion is associated with right-wing extremist, left-wing extremist, and Islamist extremist attitudes. In addition, the study tests whether identity diffusion mediates the influence of family and school-related variables on extremist attitudes. The results show that identity diffusion primarily increases approval of left-wing extremist and Islamist extremist attitudes. Furthermore, identity diffusion mediates to a small extent the influence of parenting on extremist attitudes.

Reproductive Suicide: Similar Mechanisms of Aging in C. elegans and Pacific Salmon

In some species of salmon, reproductive maturity triggers the development of massive pathology resulting from reproductive effort, leading to rapid post-reproductive death. Such reproductive death, which occurs in many semelparous organisms (with a single bout of reproduction), can be prevented by blocking reproductive maturation, and this can increase lifespan dramatically. Reproductive death is often viewed as distinct from senescence in iteroparous organisms (with multiple bouts of reproduction) such as humans. Here we review the evidence that reproductive death occurs in C. elegans and discuss what this means for its use as a model organism to study aging. Inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling and germline removal suppresses reproductive death and greatly extends lifespan in C. elegans, but can also extend lifespan to a small extent in iteroparous organisms. We argue that mechanisms of senescence operative in reproductive death exist in a less catastrophic form in iteroparous organisms, particularly those that involve costly resource reallocation, and exhibit endocrine-regulated plasticity. Thus, mechanisms of senescence in semelparous organisms (including plants) and iteroparous ones form an etiological continuum. Therefore understanding mechanisms of reproductive death in C. elegans can teach us about some mechanisms of senescence that are operative in iteroparous organisms.

Box scaling as a proxy of finite size correlations

The scaling of correlations as a function of size provides important hints to understand critical phenomena on a variety of systems. Its study in biological structures offers two challenges: usually they are not of infinite size, and, in the majority of cases, dimensions can not be varied at will. Here we discuss how finite-size scaling can be approximated in an experimental system of fixed and relatively small extent, by computing correlations inside of a reduced field of view of various widths (we will refer to this procedure as “box-scaling”). A relation among the size of the field of view, and measured correlation length, is derived at, and away from, the critical regime. Numerical simulations of a neuronal network, as well as the ferromagnetic 2D Ising model, are used to verify such approximations. Numerical results support the validity of the heuristic approach, which should be useful to characterize relevant aspects of critical phenomena in biological systems.

Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income

Many countries have undertaken large and high-profile payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs to sustain the use of their natural resources. Nevertheless, few studies have comprehensively examined the impacts of existing PES programs. Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) is one of the few pastorally focused PES programs with large investments and long duration, which aim to improve grassland quality and increase herder income. Here we present empirical evidence of the effects of GECP on grassland quality and herder income. Through a thorough and in-depth econometric analysis of remote sensing and household survey data, we find that, although GECP improves grassland quality (albeit to only a small extent) and has a large positive effect on income, it exacerbates existing income inequality among herders within their local communities. The analysis demonstrates that the program has induced herders to change their livestock production behavior. Heterogeneity analysis emphasizes the importance of making sure the programs are flexible and are adapted to local resource circumstances.

Building Recognition System Based on Improved SIFT Algorithm and Positioning Information

In order to solve the general problem, that is, the accurate recognition rate is low in a small extent or when the image resources are few and scattered. This article puts forward a building recognition system that combines GPS positioning information with an improved SIFT algorithm, and adds a pre-processing mechanism to predict the possibility of the building existence in the system, which further reduces mismatch and improves response speed. The final verification shows that this research is actually effective.