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Author(s):  
MD Maseehullah ◽  
Gulam Mohammed Husain ◽  
Mohammed Zakir ◽  
Mohd Kashif Husain ◽  
Ghazala Javed ◽  
...  

Qurs Afsanteen Saghir is a polyherbal Unani formulation in the form of tablet. This formulation consists of multiple medicinal plants like Afsanteen (Artemisia absinthium L.), Badam Talkh (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb), Asaroon (Asarum europaeum L.), Anisoon (Pimpinella anisum L.) and Tukhm-e-Karafs (Apium graveolens L.). The clinical adult dose of study drug is 3.5 –7 g per day as mentioned in Unani literature. The present study evaluated the antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Qurs Afsanteen Saghir using different animal models. Antipyretic activity was measured using yeast-induced pyrexia model in rats at 360 and 720 mg/kg bw dose of test drug and paracetamol (70 mg/kg bw p.o.) as standard control. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice using test drug at dose 720 and 1440 mg/kg bw and diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg bw p.o.) as standard control. Eddy’s hot plate test was conducted in rats using test drug at the dose of 360 and 720 mg/kg bw and buprenorphine (0.10 mg/kg s.q.) as standard control. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats with the dose of 360 and 720 mg/kg of test drug and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.) as standard control. The study drug significantly reduced the temperature and pain at both dose levels in a time-dependent manner as compared to normal control. However, the reduction of inflammation was observed at low dose (360 mg/kg bw) only after 3 hours of carrageenan administration. These findings indicated that tested drug showed potential activity as antipyretic and analgesic; whereas the drug may not be considered quite effective as an anti-inflammatory agents.


Author(s):  
Deepti Negi ◽  
Anoop Kumar Singh ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Shweta G Shukla

Darunak is a Vata –Kaphaj Vyadhi. Sushruta mentioned it under Kshudra roga. Chakradatta has mentioned application of Maltyadi Tail (Jaati, Karveer, Chitrak, Karanj, base oil- Tila Tail) in the treatment of Darunak. Aggravation of Kapha and Vata in Darunak causes, itching, falling of hair, loss of sensation, dryness and small cracks of the skin of the scalp. Several factors increase the risk of developing dandruff, including a person’s age, the weather, stress levels, fungus, medical conditions, and choice of hair products. Oiling is the best way to get a healthy scalp. Aim and objective: To evaluate efficacy of Maltyadi Tail in the management of Darunak w.s.r to dandruff. Materials and Methods: In this clinical study total 46 Patients of Darunak were registered out of which 3 patients left the treatment; remaining 43 patients were divided into 2 groups. 23 patients were treated in group A (test drug- Maltyadi Tail) and 20 patients were treated in group B (control drug- Tila Tail) for 30 days. The effect of therapy was assessed on the basis of changes in grading score. Result: In clinical study, All the cardinal and associate symptoms except Raag, Daah, Ruja were statistically significant improved after the complete course of test drug (Maltyadi Tail). Effect of Group A reduced Kesha Bhoomi Rookshta by 92.68%, Kandu by 100%, Keshbhoomi Prapatan by 92.68% and Keshchyuti by 87.50% which was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: The study revealed that test drug (Maltyadi tail) is more effective in Darunak /dandruff compare to control drug (Tila Tail).


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Sreekala Vijayan ◽  
Jugal Kishore

Background: Paracetamol toxicity is currently the single most important cause for acute liver failure and is associated with significant number of deaths. Nilitanduliyadi leha is one among the formulation explained in the context of Vishahara yogas (anti-poisonous formulations) in the text Vishavaidya Jyotsnika. Objectives: To experimentally evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of nilitanduliyadi leha in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 200 – 250, g were selected and divided into four groups of six animals in each group (n = 6). Treatment was given for 7 days. Blood was drawn and sent for tests and important organs like liver and kidney were dissected out, cleaned to remove extraneous tissues, blotted to remove blood stain and weighed. A piece of liver tissue was preserved in 10% formalin for histopathological processing. Results: The formulation has helped in balancing the biochemical parameters studied almost as efficiently as the standard drug. In the antioxidant study also, the drug has given good results and shows even slightly more effective than the standard drug. The histopathology study also reveals mild protection and regeneration of tissues by the effect of test drug. Conclusion: This present study proves that the formulation is having a comparable hepato protective activity with that of silymarin.


Author(s):  
K. Rajalakshmi ◽  
P. Shanmugapriya ◽  
G. J. Christian ◽  
R. Jeeva Gladys

In recent years there has been a mounting interest towards the traditional medicine globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Avarai Kudineer (AK) is a Siddha classical polyherbal formulation that has been indicated for the management of Diabetes mellitus in Siddha literature. The goal of the present study is to provide an in-vitro evidence for the  antidiabetic potential of Avarai Kudineer in terms of  inhibiting the carbohydrate digesting enzymes alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. Aavirai Kudineer (1/4) was prepared by boiling the ingredients weighed 20g in 80ml and reduced to 20ml and filtered according to the decoction preparation method as indicted in the Siddha literature. The filtrate was dissolved in DMSO to make stock solution and serially diluted to make different concentrations ranging from 10,20,40,80 and 100 µg/ml. The triplicates (n=3) were maintained. The invitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition of AK sample was compared with standard drug acarbose and the IC 50 value was calculated.The data was statistically analysed and expressed as Mean ± SD (n=3). The results showed that AK had maximum activity towards the inhibition of the enzyme alpha amylase (59.83± 7.10) and alpha glucosidase (71.94 ± 1.22) when compared with the standard acarbose81.42± 5.51 and 91.59 ±12.79respectively. The results reveal that the test drug AK has appreciable alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity.


Author(s):  
Simi Jose ◽  
Chaitra L.V

Atisara (Diarrhea) is most commonly encountered disease of the present era, due to unhealthy and irregular habits. Atisara (Diarrhea) finds a place as important disease in individual’s life as everyone suffers from it at least once in life time. Bhuvaneshwara rasa is a unique herbo-mineral formulation explained in Bhaishajya ratnavali indicated for all kinds of diarrhea cases. Bhuvaneshwara rasa is a potent formulation having Saindhava, Triphala, Yamani, Bilva peshika and Gruhadhooma. Materials and methods: Raw materials were screened and collected and the formulation selected for the present study Bhuvaneshwara rasa was prepared accordingly. Anti-diarrheal activity of Bhuvaneshwara rasa was evaluated experimentally in albino rats. Experimental study was conducted in 3 groups of animals for anti-diarrheal study each. Anti-diarrheal study was done by castor oil induced diarrhoea and castor oil induced enter-pooling method. Bhuvaneshwara rasa (test drug) and Loperamide are effective in controlling diarrheal episodes. Bhuvaneshwara rasa has shown significant Anti-diarrheal activity in both Castor oil -induced diarrhea and castor oil induced enteropooling, test drug effective than control. Result: Bhuvaneshwara rasa was prepared according to SOP. Test drug group have shown effect experimentally. Conclusion: Bhuvaneshwara rasa is a good anti-diarrheal drug. It can be administered in all types of Atisara.


Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Y. Ngan ◽  
Anita Quigley ◽  
Richard J. Williams ◽  
Cathal D. O’Connell ◽  
Romane Blanchard ◽  
...  

For decades, the study of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle has been driven by a clinical need to treat neuromuscular diseases and volumetric muscle loss. The in vitro fabrication of muscle offers the opportunity to test drug-and cell-based therapies, to study disease processes, and to perhaps, one day, serve as a muscle graft for reconstructive surgery. This study developed a biofabrication technique to engineer muscle for research and clinical applications. A bioprinting protocol was established to deliver primary mouse myoblasts in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioink, which was implanted in an in vivo chamber in a nude rat model. For the first time, this work demonstrated the phenomenon of myoblast migration through the bioprinted GelMA scaffold with cells spontaneously forming fibers on the surface of the material. This enabled advanced maturation and facilitated the connection between incoming vessels and nerve axons in vivo without the hindrance of a scaffold material. Immunohistochemistry revealed the hallmarks of tissue maturity with sarcomeric striations and peripherally placed nuclei in the organized bundles of muscle fibers. Such engineered muscle autografts could, with further structural development, eventually be used for surgical reconstructive purposes while the methodology presented here specifically has wide applications for in vitro and in vivo neuromuscular function and disease modelling.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaise Hareed ◽  
Nisha Kachru ◽  
Rupesh Yadav

Abstract Background Myoclonus is reported to occur in 50–80% of patients receiving etomidate in the absence of pretreatment. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment with low-dose midazolam and fentanyl, and midazolam alone to reduce the occurrence of etomidate-induced myoclonus. Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group MF, patients received pretreatment with intravenous (IV) midazolam 0.015mg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline, followed by IV fentanyl 1μg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline. In group M, patients received pretreatment with IV midazolam 0.03mg/kg in a volume of 5 ml normal saline, followed by 5ml of IV normal saline. The test drug was injected over 30 s, and after 120 s, IV etomidate 0.3 mg/kg was injected over 30 s. The patients were observed for 120 s for myoclonus and graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded immediately after test drug injection and at every minute for 5 min. Results The demographic parameters and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the two groups. In group M, the incidence of myoclonus was 36.67% (26.67% mild and 10% moderate) whereas, in the group MF, the incidence of myoclonus was 26.67% (3.33% mild, 16.67% moderate, and 6.67% severe). This incidence of myoclonus was significantly lower in group MF (p=0.030). Conclusions The incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus is significantly lower in patients pretreated with midazolam and fentanyl combination as compared to midazolam alone. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry Details: CTRI/2019/05/018920


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh L. Sawant ◽  
Manisha R. Sawant ◽  
Jyoti B. Wadekar ◽  
Rushikesh D. Ukirde ◽  
Ganesh D. Barkade ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Inhibiting mitosis is the most effective clinical technique for cancer treatment. The most critical field of medicinal chemistry and drug development research is the discovery of innovative anticancer drugs. Thiazolidine is a multifunctional nucleus with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antiarthritic properties. Methods: In this investigation, copper-nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by electrochemical synthesis yielded a significant yield. The capping was done with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and the characterization was done with UV, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and TEM SAED. The biologically significant 2-(2-substituted-4-oxo-thiazolidine-3-yl)-1, 9-dihydro-purin-6-ones (GB-1 to GB-12) have been synthesized using copper-nickel oxide nanoparticles as a catalyst and by applying a microwave-assisted tool. It was characterized by melting point, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-HRMS/MS spectroscopy. Using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) test, all newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenesis activities. Results: The compounds GB-6 (GI50: 30 μM), GB-8 (GI50: 10 μM) and GB-10 (GI50: 30 μM) exhibited significant cell growth inhibitory activity. The compounds GB-6, GB-8, GB-10 exhibited significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in the range of IC50:179.65-194.59 μg/ml as compared with aceclofenac (IC50:191.19μg/ml) and the antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay the compounds GB-6 (IC50:11.96 µg/ml), GB-8 (IC50:10.67 µg/ml) and GB-10 (IC50: 9.08 µg/ml) exhibited excellent radical scavenging activities compared to ascorbic acid (IC50:13.04 µg/ml) and by the KMnO4 radical scavenging assay the compounds GB-2 (IC50:15.33 µg/ml), GB-4 (IC50:23.60 µg/ml), GB-8 (IC50:24.93 µg/ml), GB-10 (IC50:24.96 µg/ml) exhibited good radical scavenging activities compared to ascorbic acid (IC50: 26.55 µg/ml). The compounds GB-4, GB-8 and GB-10 at 10 nM test drug concentration and the GB-6 compounds at 100 nM test drug concentration show the maximum capillary growth inhibitory activity compared with thalidomide as a standard drug. Conclusion: Further development of anticancer drugs may be enabled by the discovery of related compounds to the anticancer agent, such as compound (GB-6), compound (GB-8), and compound (GB-10) as polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors.


Author(s):  
Nilesh Chougale

Abstract: Bioequivalence is a word used to describe the biological equivalency of two proprietary medication preparations. When two medications are bioequivalent, it indicates they are expected to be the same. Pharmacokinetic studies are used to determine bioequivalence between two medications, such as a reference drug (FDA approved drug) and a potential test drug (marketed generic drug), by administering each drug to volunteers in a cross-over research (healthy individuals). To prepare a drug many aspects need to take into consideration such as in vivo and in vitro study, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of the drug. While designing a drug fasting, oral, crossover study of the drug needs to perform.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shameem Ahmad Rather ◽  
Naquibul Islam

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects a significant number of men beyond the age of 40 years with its incidence reaching up to 90% in 80’s. Despite multiple treatment innovations, BPH still remains a nightmare for ageing men, mostly due to its distressing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction. The severity of LUTS is graded by international prostate symptom score or American urological association symptom index (AUA-SI) along with impact on quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an Unani polyherbal formulation, Habb-i-muqil, in improving the AUA-SI and QOL in patients with BPH.Methods:In an open, standard controlled study, 76 men, diagnosed with clinical BPH, aged between 40 and 80 years were randomly allocated for treatment for duration of 90 days with Habb-i-muqil (test drug) or Tamsulosin (standard control) after ethical approval. AUA-SI and QOL were assessed at baseline (0 day) and days 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90.Results: Analysis of 60 men showed that after 90 days of treatment the percentage changes in the AUA-SI from baseline were 59.4 and 49.4% by Habb-i-muqil and tamsulosin, respectively. The test drug produced statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) in overall AUA-SI and QOL compared with standard control.Conclusions:The Unani polyherbal formulation, Habb-i-muqil, was effective in improving AUA-SI and QOL in men with BPH in comparison to tamsulosin. Both the treatments were generally well tolerated. 


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