Population immunity to polioviruses in the context of a large-scale wild poliovirus type 1 outbreak in Tajikistan, 2010

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (42) ◽  
pp. 4911-4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Khetsuriani ◽  
Mark A. Pallansch ◽  
Shamsiddin Jabirov ◽  
Nargis Saparova ◽  
M. Steven Oberste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Population Immunity

Geographic distribution of wild poliovirus type 1 genotypes

Virology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Rico-Hesse ◽  
Mark A. Pallansch ◽  
Baldev K. Nottay ◽  
Olen M. Kew
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of silent introduction and sustained transmission of wild poliovirus type 1, Israel, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Shulman ◽  
E Gavrilin ◽  
J Jorba ◽  
J Martin ◽  
C C Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Clock Analysis ◽  
Stool Samples

Poliovirus vaccine coverage in Israel is over 90%. The last nine birth cohorts have been vaccinated exclusively with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). However, between February and July 2013 type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) was detected persistently in 10 and intermittently in 8 of 47 environmental surveillance sites in southern and central Israel and in 30 stool samples collected during July from healthy individuals in southern Israel. We report results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses of genes encoding capsid proteins to determine the source and transmission mode of the virus. WPV1 capsid protein 1 nucleotide sequences were most closely related to South Asia (SOAS) cluster R3A polioviruses circulating in Pakistan in 2012 and isolated from Egyptian sewage in December 2012. There was no noticeable geographical clustering within WPV1-positive sites. Uniform codon usage among isolates from Pakistan, Egypt and Israel showed no signs of optimisation or deoptimisation. Bayesian phylogenetic time clock analysis of the entire capsid coding region (2,643 nt) with a 1.1% evolutionary rate indicated that Israeli and Egyptian WPV1-SOAS lineages diverged in September 2012, while Israeli isolates split into two sub-branches after January 2013. This suggests one or more introduction events into Israel with subsequent silent circulation despite high population immunity.

scholarly journals Detection of Multiple Cocirculating Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Lineages Through Environmental Surveillance: Impact and Progress During 2011–2013 in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 210 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S324-S332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Masroor Alam ◽  
Shahzad Shaukat ◽  
Salmaan Sharif ◽  
Mehar Angez ◽  
Adnan Khurshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Characterization of Wild Poliovirus Type 1 During Sustained Transmission in a Population With >95% Vaccine Coverage, Israel 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester M. Shulman ◽  
Javier Martin ◽  
Danit Sofer ◽  
Cara C. Burns ◽  
Yossi Manor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus

scholarly journals Wild Poliovirus Type 1, Central African Republic

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache ◽  
Jean Kipela ◽  
Regis Mbay Daba ◽  
Vicroire Mokwapi ◽  
Emmanuel Nambozuina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus

Molecular Epidemiology of Wild Poliovirus Type 1 in Europe, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent

1995 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Mulders ◽  
G. Y. Lipskaya ◽  
H. G. A. M. van der Avoort ◽  
M. P. G. Koopmans ◽  
O. M. Kew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus

scholarly journals Intensified environmental surveillance supporting the response to wild poliovirus type 1 silent circulation in Israel, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Manor ◽  
L M Shulman ◽  
E Kaliner ◽  
M Hindiyeh ◽  
D Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Viral Loads

An emergency response was triggered by recovery of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) of the South Asia (SOAS) lineage from sewage in southern Israel in April 2013 during routine environmental surveillance. Public health risk assessment necessitated intensification of environmental surveillance in order to facilitate countrywide monitoring of WPV1-SOAS circulation. This involved increasing sampling frequency and broadening the geographical area, for better coverage of the population at risk, as well as modifying sewage testing algorithms to accommodate a newly developed WPV1-SOAS-specific quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for screening of RNA extracted directly from sewage concentrates, in addition to standard virus isolation. Intensified surveillance in 74 sites across Israel between 1 February and 31 August 2013 documented a sustained high viral load of WPV1-SOAS in sewage samples from six Bedouin settlements and two cities with Jewish and Arab populations in the South district. Lower viral loads and intermittent detection were documented in sampling sites representing 14 mixed communities in three of the five health districts in central and northern Israel. Environmental surveillance plays a fundamental role in routine monitoring of WPV circulation in polio-free countries. The rapid assay specific for the circulating strain facilitated implementation of intensified surveillance and informed the public health response and decision-making.

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