scholarly journals Sustained impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in children <5 years of age, Ghana, 2009–2016

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (47) ◽  
pp. 7131-7134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel C. Enweronu-Laryea ◽  
George Armah ◽  
Kwamena W. Sagoe ◽  
Daniel Ansong ◽  
Emmanuel Addo-Yobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japan during 2014-2015: Characterization of re-emerging G2P[4] after rotavirus vaccine introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Khandoker ◽  
Aksara Thongprachum ◽  
Sayaka Takanashi ◽  
Shoko Okitsu ◽  
Shuichi Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

scholarly journals Emergence of Double- and Triple-Gene Reassortant G1P[8] Rotaviruses Possessing a DS-1-Like Backbone after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuzwayo C. Jere ◽  
Chrispin Chaguza ◽  
Naor Bar-Zeev ◽  
Jenna Lowe ◽  
Chikondi Peno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Structural Conformation ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines

ABSTRACT To combat the high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis, multiple African countries have introduced rotavirus vaccines into their childhood immunization programs. Malawi incorporated a G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) into its immunization schedule in 2012. Utilizing a surveillance platform of hospitalized rotavirus gastroenteritis cases, we examined the phylodynamics of G1P[8] rotavirus strains that circulated in Malawi before (1998 to 2012) and after (2013 to 2014) vaccine introduction. Analysis of whole genomes obtained through next-generation sequencing revealed that all randomly selected prevaccine G1P[8] strains sequenced ( n = 32) possessed a Wa-like genetic constellation, whereas postvaccine G1P[8] strains ( n = 18) had a DS-1-like constellation. Phylodynamic analyses indicated that postvaccine G1P[8] strains emerged through reassortment events between human Wa- and DS-1-like rotaviruses that circulated in Malawi from the 1990s and hence were classified as atypical DS-1-like reassortants. The time to the most recent common ancestor for G1P[8] strains was from 1981 to 1994; their evolutionary rates ranged from 9.7 × 10 −4 to 4.1 × 10 −3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Three distinct G1P[8] lineages chronologically replaced each other between 1998 and 2014. Genetic drift was the likely driver for lineage turnover in 2005, whereas replacement in 2013 was due to reassortment. Amino acid substitution within the outer glycoprotein VP7 of G1P[8] strains had no impact on the structural conformation of the antigenic regions, suggesting that it is unlikely that they would affect recognition by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. While the emergence of DS-1-like G1P[8] rotavirus reassortants in Malawi was therefore likely due to natural genotype variation, vaccine effectiveness against such strains needs careful evaluation. IMPORTANCE The error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the segmented RNA genome predispose rotaviruses to genetic mutation and genome reassortment, respectively. These evolutionary mechanisms generate novel strains and have the potential to lead to the emergence of vaccine escape mutants. While multiple African countries have introduced a rotavirus vaccine, there are few data describing the evolution of rotaviruses that circulated before and after vaccine introduction. We report the emergence of atypical DS-1-like G1P[8] strains during the postvaccine era in Malawi. Three distinct G1P[8] lineages circulated chronologically from 1998 to 2014; mutation and reassortment drove lineage turnover in 2005 and 2013, respectively. Amino acid substitutions within the outer capsid VP7 glycoprotein did not affect the structural conformation of mapped antigenic sites, suggesting a limited effect on the recognition of G1-specific vaccine-derived antibodies. The genes that constitute the remaining genetic backbone may play important roles in immune evasion, and vaccine effectiveness against such atypical strains needs careful evaluation.

scholarly journals Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Jun Ha ◽  
Yeong Seok Lee ◽  
Min Jun Chun ◽  
Young Se Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Norovirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Increasing Trend

There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged <6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.

Severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children older than 5 years after vaccine introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kyo ◽  
Chika Takano ◽  
Yuki Kasuga ◽  
Erika Ogawa ◽  
Mika Ishige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Preparing for the Scale-up of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S1-S5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Mwenda ◽  
Jacqueline E. Tate ◽  
A. Duncan Steele ◽  
Umesh D. Parashar
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction

A Rotavirus Vaccine for Prophylaxis of Infants Against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S179-S182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Vos ◽  
Timo Vesikari ◽  
Alexandre C. Linhares ◽  
Bel??n Salinas ◽  
Irene P??rez-Schael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Impact of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine on Rotavirus Hospitalizations among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in the Ouest and Artibonite Departments, Haiti, 2013 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Desormeaux ◽  
Eleanor Burnett ◽  
Gérard Joseph ◽  
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽  
Negar Aliabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Rotavirus is responsible for 26% of diarrheal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2014. The objective of this analysis is to describe the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations among Haitian children younger than 5 years old during the first 5 years after introduction. This analysis includes all children with diarrhea who were enrolled as part of a sentinel surveillance system at two hospitals from May 2013 to April 2019. We compare the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens in each post-vaccine introduction year to the pre-vaccine period. To account for the potential dilution of the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens from a waning cholera outbreak, we also analyzed annual trends in the absolute number of positive stools, fit a two-component finite-mixture model to the negative specimens, and fit a negative binomial time series model to the pre-vaccine rotavirus-positive specimens to predict the number of rotavirus diarrhea hospital admissions in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. The overall percentage of rotavirus-positive specimens declined by 22% the first year after introduction, increased by 17% the second year, and declined by 33% to 50% the subsequent 3 years. All sensitivity analyses confirmed an overall decline. We observed a clear annual rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introduction, with the greatest activity in December through April, and a biennial pattern, with high sharp peaks and flatter longer periods of increased rotavirus activity in alternating years, consistent with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Overall, our study shows evidence that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine reduced the burden of severe rotavirus diarrhea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document