On the role of eye movement monitoring and discouragement on inhibition of return in a go/no-go task

Abstract Numerical facts play a prominent role in public discourse, but individuals often provide incorrect estimates of policy-relevant numerical quantities (e.g., the number of immigrants in the country). Across two studies, we examined the role of schemas in the creation of numerical misinformation, and how misinformation can spread via person-to-person communication. In our first study, we combined eye movement monitoring and behavioral methods to examine how schemas distorted what people remembered about policy-relevant numerical information. Then, in a second study, we examined the consequences of these memory distortions via the social transmission of numerical information, using the serial reproduction paradigm. We found that individuals misremembered numerical information in a manner consistent with their schemas, and that person-to-person transmission can exacerbate these memory errors. Our studies highlight the mechanisms supporting the generation and spread of numerical misinformation and demonstrate the utility of a multi-method approach in the study of misinformation.

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The Role Of Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing (EMDR) In The Interdisciplinary Treatment Of Low Sexual Desire Women

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e322352004-140 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Mize

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Sexual Desire ◽

Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽

Low Sexual Desire

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Identification of Local Comprehension Difficulty Through Eye-Movement Monitoring

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413782005-013 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Shun-Nan Yang ◽

George W. Mcconkie

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Comprehension Difficulty ◽

Movement Monitoring

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Inhibition of Return: Effects of Attentional Cueing on Eye Movement Latencies

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e665412011-503 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Richard S. Dobkin ◽

Richard A. Abrams

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Attentional Cueing

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Role of Primate Cerebellar Hemisphere in Voluntary Eye Movement Control Revealed by Lesion Effects

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.90440.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 934-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Masafumi Ohki ◽

Hiromasa Kitazawa ◽

Takahito Hiramatsu ◽

Kimitake Kaga ◽

Taiko Kitamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Smooth Pursuit ◽

Movement Control ◽

Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽

Target Velocity ◽

Eye Movement Control ◽

Pursuit Eye Movements ◽

Catch Up

The anatomical connection between the frontal eye field and the cerebellar hemispheric lobule VII (H-VII) suggests a potential role of the hemisphere in voluntary eye movement control. To reveal the involvement of the hemisphere in smooth pursuit and saccade control, we made a unilateral lesion around H-VII and examined its effects in three Macaca fuscata that were trained to pursue visually a small target. To the step (3°)-ramp (5–20°/s) target motion, the monkeys usually showed an initial pursuit eye movement at a latency of 80–140 ms and a small catch-up saccade at 140–220 ms that was followed by a postsaccadic pursuit eye movement that roughly matched the ramp target velocity. After unilateral cerebellar hemispheric lesioning, the initial pursuit eye movements were impaired, and the velocities of the postsaccadic pursuit eye movements decreased. The onsets of 5° visually guided saccades to the stationary target were delayed, and their amplitudes showed a tendency of increased trial-to-trial variability but never became hypo- or hypermetric. Similar tendencies were observed in the onsets and amplitudes of catch-up saccades. The adaptation of open-loop smooth pursuit velocity, tested by a step increase in target velocity for a brief period, was impaired. These lesion effects were recognized in all directions, particularly in the ipsiversive direction. A recovery was observed at 4 wk postlesion for some of these lesion effects. These results suggest that the cerebellar hemispheric region around lobule VII is involved in the control of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements.

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A Direct Assessment of the Role of Expectation in Inhibition of Return

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01979.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 783-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thomas M. Spalek

Keyword(s):

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Response Times ◽

Direct Measure ◽

Imaginary Circle ◽

Direct Assessment ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Indirect Measures

An object hidden among distractors can be found more efficiently if previously searched locations are not reinspected. The inhibition-of-return (IOR) phenomenon indexes the tendency to avoid reinspections. Two accounts of IOR, that it is due to inhibition and that it is due to expectation, are generally regarded as incompatible. The relevant evidence to date, however, has been indirect: Inhibition or expectation has been inferred from response times or similar indirect measures. This article reports the first direct measure of IOR, obtained by asking observers to predict the location of the next target in a display containing eight possible locations on an imaginary circle. On any given trial, the previously cued location was chosen less frequently (impairment)—and the opposite location was chosen more frequently (facilitation)—than chance (choice of all other locations was at chance). The impairment is consistent with both inhibition and expectation accounts; the facilitation is consistent only with expectation accounts. This work also shows that inhibition and expectation are not necessarily incompatible: Implementing expectations may entail inhibiting previously cued locations.

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Réponses évoquées par les mouvements oculaires d'exploration (réponse lambda): Rôle des afférences intervenant à divers moments du processus oculo-moteur

Perception ◽

10.1068/p010167 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 167-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nicole Lesèvre ◽

A Rémond

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Visual Effects ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Initial Portion ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Black Field ◽

Fixation Points ◽

Lambda Response

Experiments are reported the aim of which was to elucidate the cause of each of the components of the lambda response, and particularly to evaluate the role of ‘on’ and ‘off’ visual effects which appear at various times during the oculomotor process and also the possible influence of non-visual mechanisms. Eight subjects with normal sight were studied under the following conditions: (i) horizontal eye movements of 12° were guided by fixation points placed on a dimly-lit uniform black field of 20°; a checkerboard of 6° aperture was placed in this field so as to be integrated into the oculomotor process at different times—at the beginning, during and at the end of the eye movement; (ii) successive horizontal eye movements of 3°, 7° and 11° scanned a checkerboard of 20°, each square of which had a 40′ aperture; (iii) the checkerboard was moved with an amplitude and period similar to those of the eye movements in (ii), but this time with gaze fixed. Horizontal and vertical movements of both eyes were recorded with an EOG. An EEG of the parieto-occipital regions was obtained using eight linked bipolar derivations in line on two montages, median longitudinal and right-left transverse. The EEG and EOG data were digitalized and a numerical programme of waveform recognition was used to identify the beginning of the saccade which triggers the averaging out of the EEG before (100 ms) and after (500 ms) the eye movement. A discussion of the results, taking into account the latency of the different components and their reinforcements or inhibition depending on experimental conditions, suggests that the two initial components of lambda response (including the initial portion of the classical lambda wave) might be due to visual effects (‘off effect’) that arise at the start of the movement or slightly before it at the time that the saccadic suppression begins. The later components could be attributed to visual effects brought into play towards the end of the movement (‘on effect’), when perception becomes normal again. It is, however, difficult to explain some of the results related to the amplitude of lambda components without bringing in a mechanism of non-visual origin (corollary discharge).

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