B.1 What Transition Skills Should be Targeted in Epilepsy Transition Clinics?

Background: Transition from pediatric to adult care can be a difficult time for adolescents with epilepsy. This period is often a period of extreme vulnerability and stress. As a result, research has recommended transition clinics to help these adolescents develop needed transition skills. However, the skills that need to be focused on remain unclear. Methods: Baseline transition skills in 113 adolescents with epilepsy, aged 14 to 18 (M= 16.46, male= 56) were analyzed. Results: Analyses showed that older adolescents showed significantly more transition skills than younger adolescents (F(4,108)=5.522, p=000). Although positive, older adolescents only scored, on average, 16.3/28 on the transition questionnaire; suggesting that many skills are still lacking, even at the time of transition. Specifically, although the majority of these older adolescents demonstrated being able to manage their condition independently (e.g., summarizing medical history, taking/knowing medications), these adolescents were less likely to demonstrate skills needed to be advocates for themselves and their health (e.g., asking questions, discussing concerns, speaking to the doctor instead of letting their parents). Conclusions: Results suggest it may be beneficial to restructure adolescent clinic visits; encouraging these patients to attend the initial portion of visits independently to help them feel more comfortable and confident championing for themselves.

The scaling of PGA with IV2p and its potential for Earthquake Early Warning in Thessaly (Central Greece)

The main goal of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is to estimate the expected peak ground motion of the destructive S-waves using the first few seconds of P-waves, thus becoming an operational tool for real-time seismic risk management in a short timescale. EEWSs are based on the use of scaling relations between parameters measured on the initial portion of the seismic signal, after the arrival of the first wave. Herein, using the abundant seismicity that followed the 3 March 2021 Mw=6.3 earthquake in Thessaly we propose scaling relations for PGA, from data recorded by local permanent stations, as a function of the integral of the squared velocity (IV2p). The IV2p parameter was estimated directly from the first few seconds-long signal window (tw) after the P-wave arrival. Scaling laws are extrapolated for both individual and across sites (i.e., between a near-source reference instrument and a station located close to a target). The latter approach is newly investigated, as local site effects could have a significant impact on recorded data. Considering that further study on the behavior of IV2p is necessary, there are indications that this parameter could be used in future on-site single‐station earthquake early warning operations for areas affected by earthquakes located in Thessaly, as itpresents significant stability.

Estimation of Earthquake Early Warning Parameters for Eastern Gulf of Corinth and Western Attica Region (Greece). First Results

The main goal of an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is to alert before the arrival of damaging waves using the first seismic arrival as a proxy, thus becoming an important operational tool for real-time seismic risk management on a short timescale. EEWSs are based on the use of scaling relations between parameters measured on the initial portion of the seismic signal after the arrival of the first wave. To explore the plausibility of EEWSs around the Eastern Gulf of Corinth and Western Attica, amplitude and frequency-based parameters, such as peak displacement (Pd), the integral of squared velocity (IV 2) and the characteristic period (τc), were analyzed. All parameters were estimated directly from the initial 3 s, 4 s, and 5 s signal windows (tw) after the P arrival. While further study is required on the behavior of the proxy quantities, we propose that the IV 2 parameter and the peak amplitudes of the first seconds of the P waves present significant stability and introduce the possibility of a future on-site EEWS for areas affected by earthquakes located in the Eastern Gulf of Corinth and Western Attica. Parameters related to regional-based EEWS need to be further evaluated.

Apparent earthquake rupture predictability

Summary To what extent can the future evolution of an ongoing earthquake rupture be predicted? This question of fundamental scientific and practical importance has recently been addressed by studies of teleseismic source time functions (STFs) but reaching contrasting conclusions. One study concludes that the initial portion of STFs is the same regardless of magnitude. Another study concludes that the rate at which earthquakes grow increases systematically and strongly with final event magnitudes. Here we show that the latter reported trend is caused by a selection bias towards events with unusually long durations, and by estimates of STF growth made when the STF is already decaying. If these invalid estimates are left out, the trend is no longer present, except during the first few seconds of the smallest events in the dataset, Mw5–6.5, for which the reliability of the STF amplitudes is questionable. Simple synthetic tests show that the observations are consistent with statistically indistinguishable growth of smaller and larger earthquakes. A much weaker trend is apparent among events of comparable duration, but we argue that its significance is not resolvable by the current data. Finally, we propose a nomenclature to facilitate further discussions of earthquake rupture predictability and determinism.

Pollutant Concentration Patterns of In-Stream Urban Stormwater Runoff

Although a number of studies have investigated pollutant transport patterns in urban watersheds, these studies have focused primarily on the upland landscape as the point of interest (i.e., prior to stormwater entering an open stream channel). However, it is likely that in-stream processes will influence pollutant transport when the system is viewed at a larger scale. One initial investigation that can be performed to characterize transport dynamics in urban runoff is determining a pollutant’s temporal distribution. By borrowing from urban stormwater literature, the propensity of a pollutant within a system to be more heavily transported in the initial portion of the storm can be quantified (i.e., the “first flush”). Although uncommon for use in stream science, this methodology allows direct comparison of results to previous studies on smaller urban upland catchments. Multiple methods have been proposed to investigate the first flush effect, two of which are applied in this study to two streams in Knoxville, TN, USA. The strength of the first flush was generally corroborated by the two unique methods, a new finding that allows a more robust determination of first flush presence for a given pollutant. Further, an “end flush” was observed and quantified for nutrients and microbes in one stream, a novel outcome that shows how the newer methodology that was employed can provide greater insight into transport processes and pollutant sources. Explanatory variables for changes in each pollutant’s inter-event first flush strength differed, but notable relationships included the influence of flow rate on microbes and influence of rainfall on Cu2+. The results appear to support the hypothesis that in-stream processes, such as resuspension, may influence pollutant transport in urban watersheds, pointing toward the need to consider in-stream processes in models developed to predict urban watershed pollutant export.

Effect of a Circular Ring on the Side Force of a Cone-Cylinder Body

This paper aims to investigate the side force on a cone-cylinder geometry at different angles of attack (α) by adopting experiments and computations. The cone-cylinder configuration had a length to diameter ratio (L/D) of 10, and a base diameter (D) of 25 mm. The nose shape had a fineness ratio of approximately 3. Results indicated that the side force increases with the increasing of the angle of attack. A circular ring was used to reduce the side force at different angles of attack. Using a smaller height ring (2% of local diameter) in the initial portion of the body did not reduce the side force significantly at lower angles of attack. However, a ring with larger height (5% of local diameter) placed at 2.5 times the diameter of the body from the tip reduced the side force at almost all the angles of attack.

A High-Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Initial 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Foreshocks, Aftershocks, and Faulting Complexity

I use template matching and precise relative relocation techniques to develop a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the initial portion of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, from 4 to 16 July, encompassing the foreshock sequence and the first 10+ days of aftershocks following the Mw 7.1 mainshock. Using 13,525 routinely cataloged events as waveform templates, I detect and precisely locate a total of 34,091 events. Precisely located earthquakes reveal numerous crosscutting fault structures with dominantly perpendicular southwest and northwest strikes. Foreshocks of the Mw 6.4 event appear to align on a northwest-striking fault. Aftershocks of the Mw 6.4 event suggest that it further ruptured this northwest-striking fault, as well as the southwest-striking fault where surface rupture was observed. Finally, aftershocks of the Mw 7.1 show a highly complex distribution, illuminating a primary northwest-striking fault zone consistent with surface rupture but also numerous crosscutting southwest-striking faults. Aftershock relocations suggest that the Mw 7.1 event ruptured adjacent to the previous northwest-striking rupture of the Mw 6.4, perhaps activating a subparallel structure southwest of the earlier rupture. Both the northwest and southeast rupture termini of the Mw 7.1 rupture exhibited multiple fault branching, with particularly high rates of aftershocks and multiple fault orientations in the dilatational quadrant northeast of the northwest rupture terminus.

NUMERICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF A LIQUID-LIQUID EJECTORS WITH A CURVED INITIAL MIXING CHAMBER AREA AND WITH DIRECT MIXING CAMERA

The article presents the results of numerical simulations and experimental studies of a liquid-liquid ejector with a curved initial portion of the mixing chamber. The experiment was conducted on liquid-liquid ejectors, models of which are made on a 3D printer, by the method of layer-by-layer deposition. The influence of possible manufacturing errors of the ejector on its characteristics is estimated. The issues of the use of liquid ejectors designed to work in the field of various predetermined ejection coefficients are considered. The theoretical ejection coefficient and the reasons for reducing the ejection coefficient in real ejectors are determined. The obtained dependences make it possible to determine the optimal design parameters of a liquid ejector and thereby increase its ejection coefficient. The relative pressure drop is shown at a low coefficient and at a high ejection coefficient. The calculated and experimental results of determining the ejection coefficient for liquid ejectors, which are widely used in various fields of technology, are presented. The results of numerical simulation of internal processes in the ANSYS-Fluent hydro-gasdynamic application package flowing in a single-phase liquidliquid ejector based on the study of a small-sized model are presented. As a result of the simulation, a good agreement was obtained between the calculation results of the model corresponding to the real prototype and the experimental data and comparison with the results of other authors. Several conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study. For example, a region of values of the ejection coefficient was found in which the relative pressure drop created by the ejector increases with an increase in the ejection coefficient.

New approaches to studying morphological details of intramolluscan stages of Angiostrongylus vasorum

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a pulmonary artery parasite of domestic and wild canid. On molluscs, intermediate host, first stage larvae (L1) are found after the first day of infection, in the 8th L2 and in the 30 th L3. It was evaluated L1, L2 and L3 recovered by Baermann technique from Achatina fulica infected with 1000 L1. Fifty larvae/stage were incubated with antibodies anti-β-tubulin, anti-α-tubulin, anti- α-actin, anti-β-actin and anti-collagen, and then with Alexa 633. Fifty larvae/stage were observed with picrosirius red and Oil Red O. It was also observed in the anterior region of L1 the beginning of the chitinous stems development, in the initial portion of the intestine and genital primordium. In L2 anterior region, the papillae, chitinous canes juxtaposed to the mouth and intestines bigger than L1. The L3 musculature is well defined, next to the chitinous stems, there are two round distally arranged from each other. It was observed the whole extension of the intestine genital primordium and intense cellularity in the L3 distal portion. With the picrosirius red the L1, L2 and L3 musculature could be observed, as the nerve ganglia on L3. Oil Red O revealed that L1, L2 and L3 store energy on lipid droplets.

DEFORMING AND FRACTURE OF LINDEN AND PINE UNDER INTENSIVE DYNAMIC IMPACTS

The paper presents the results of dynamic tests under compression of two wood species: linden and pine under loading along and across the fibers. Dynamic tests were carried out using the modified Kolsky method with the realization of multi-cycle loading of the sample during one test. As a result, strain diagrams were obtained for uniaxial stress state taking into account additional loading cycles The use of the multi-cycle loading mode made it possible to obtain a significantly greater degree of the sample deformation than with traditional single-cycle loading. To create a pulse load, a gas gun was used. According to the experimental results, dynamic deformation diagrams were obtained, as well as ultimate strength and deformation characteristics, fracture energy for linden and pine were determined depending on the cutting angle of the samples and the strain rate. A strong anisotropy of the properties of the tested materials is observed: the samples have the greatest strength when a load is applied along the fibers, and the least - across the fibers. A positive effect of the strain rate is noted. The module of the load branch is non-linear and, as a rule, is smaller than the module of the unload branch (while maintaining the integrity of the sample). The nature of the deformation and fracture of the samples strongly depends on the angle of cutting-out. At cutting angle across the fibers, the deformation diagram after reaching a certain threshold value is close to an ideally plastic diagram. At cutting angle along the fibers, the initial portion of the diagrams is close to linear, i.e. elastic deformation takes place. However, after reaching a certain value (“yield strength”), the diagram becomes nonlinear. This kind of behavior takes place in those experiments in which the destruction of the samples occurs. For both wood species, there is a significant excess of energy absorption by samples cut and tested along the fibers, compared with samples cut and tested across the fibers.