Efficiently sintering of MSWI fly ash at a low temperature enhanced by in-situ pressure assistant: Process performance and product characterization

A series of CeOx catalysts supported by commercial porous cordierite ceramics (CPCC) and synthesized porous cordierite ceramics (SPCC) from fly ash were prepared for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR). A greater than 90% NOx conversion rate was achieved by the SPCC supported catalyst at 250–300 °C when the concentration of loading precursor was 0.6 mol/L (denoted as 0.6Ce/SPCC), which is more advantageous than the CPCC supported ones. The EDS mapping results reveal the existence of evenly distributed impurities on the surface of SPCC, which hence might be able to provide more attachment sites for CeOx particles. Further measurements with temperature programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2-TPR) demonstrate more reducible species on the surface of 0.6Ce/SPCC, thus giving rise to better NH3-SCR performance at a low-temperature range. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses reveal that the Ce atom ratio is higher in 0.6Ce/SPCC, indicating that a higher concentration of catalytic active sites could be found on the surface of 0.6Ce/SPCC. The in situ diffused reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results indicate that the SCR reactions over 0.6Ce/SPCC follow both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms. Hence, the SPCC might be a promising candidate to provide support for NH3-SCR catalysts, which also provide a valuable approach to recycling the fly ash.

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The rate-determining step in a low temperature PCDD/F formation from oxidative breakdown of native carbon in MSWI fly ash

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 110-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena Collina ◽

Marina Lasagni ◽

Elsa Piccinelli ◽

Manuela Nadia Anzano ◽

Demetrio Pitea

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Mswi Fly Ash ◽

Rate Determining Step ◽

Oxidative Breakdown

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Low temperature circulating fluidized bed gasification and co-gasification of municipal sewage sludge. Part 1: Process performance and gas product characterization

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 123-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Tobias Pape Thomsen ◽

Zsuzsa Sárossy ◽

Benny Gøbel ◽

Peder Stoholm ◽

Jesper Ahrenfeldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽

Process Performance ◽

Product Characterization

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Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in ceramic brick: Product characterization and environmental toxicity

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 331-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Zhang Haiying ◽

Zhao Youcai ◽

Qi Jingyu

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Environmental Toxicity ◽

Ceramic Brick ◽

Mswi Fly Ash ◽

Product Characterization

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In situ Tensile Experiments at Low Temperatures on Niobium Single Crystals by H.V.E.M.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113913 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

F. H. Louchet ◽

L. P. Kubin

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Transition Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Slip System ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Tensile Axis ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Screw Dislocations ◽

Source Operation

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.

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Role of boundaries in the crystallization of amorphous films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100105199 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 626-627

Author(s):

D. A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Amorphous Films ◽

Island Nucleation ◽

Surface Steps ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Component Systems ◽

Temperature Deposition

The nucleation and growth processes which lead to the formation of a thin film are particularly amenable to investigation by transmission electron microscopy either in situ or subsequent to deposition. In situ studies have enabled the observation of island nucleation and growth, together with addition of atoms to surface steps. This paper is concerned with post-deposition crystallization of amorphous alloys. It will be argued that the processes occurring during low temperature deposition of one component systems are related but the evidence is mainly indirect. Amorphous films result when the deposition conditions such as low temperature or the presence of impurities (intentional or unintentional) preclude the atomic mobility necessary for crystallization. Representative examples of this behavior are CVD silicon grown below about 670°C, metalloids, such as antimony deposited at room temperature, binary alloys or compounds such as Cu-Ag or Cr O2, respectively. Elemental metals are not stable in the amorphous state.

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Insight into the Promoting Role of Er Modification on SO2 Resistance for NH3-SCR at Low Temperature over FeMn/TiO2 Catalysts

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11050618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 618

Author(s):

Huan Du ◽

Zhitao Han ◽

Xitian Wu ◽

Chenglong Li ◽

Yu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Catalyst Surface ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

In Situ Drifts ◽

Tio2 Catalyst ◽

Nh3 Scr ◽

Nh3 Adsorption ◽

So2 Resistance ◽

Fast Scr

Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalysts were prepared through the wet impregnation method, and their NH3-SCR activities were tested. The results showed that Er modification could obviously promote SO2 resistance of FeMn/TiO2 catalysts at a low temperature. The promoting effect and mechanism were explored in detail using various techniques, such as BET, XRD, H2-TPR, XPS, TG, and in-situ DRIFTS. The characterization results indicated that Er modification on FeMn/TiO2 catalysts could increase the Mn4+ concentration and surface chemisorbed labile oxygen ratio, which was favorable for NO oxidation to NO2, further accelerating low-temperature SCR activity through the “fast SCR” reaction. As fast SCR reaction could accelerate the consumption of adsorbed NH3 species, it would benefit to restrain the competitive adsorption of SO2 and limit the reaction between adsorbed SO2 and NH3 species. XPS results indicated that ammonium sulfates and Mn sulfates formed were found on Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalyst surface seemed much less than those on FeMn/TiO2 catalyst surface, suggested that Er modification was helpful for reducing the generation or deposition of sulfate salts on the catalyst surface. According to in-situ DRIFTS the results of, the presence of SO2 in feeding gas imposed a stronger impact on the NO adsorption than NH3 adsorption on Lewis acid sites of Er-modified FeMn/TiO2 catalysts, gradually making NH3-SCR reaction to proceed in E–R mechanism rather than L–H mechanism. DRIFTS.

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A mini-review of heavy metal recycling technologies for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x211003968 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2110039

Author(s):

Huan Wang ◽

Fenfen Zhu ◽

Xiaoyan Liu ◽

Meiling Han ◽

Rongyan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Mswi Fly Ash ◽

Metal Recycling

This mini-review article summarizes the available technologies for the recycling of heavy metals (HMs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA). Recovery technologies included thermal separation (TS), chemical extraction (CE), bioleaching, and electrochemical processes. The reaction conditions of various methods, the efficiency of recovering HMs from MSWI FA and the difficulties and solutions in the process of technical development were studied. Evaluation of each process has also been done to determine the best HM recycling method and future challenges. Results showed that while bioleaching had minimal environmental impact, the process was time-consuming. TS and CE were the most mature technologies, but the former process was not cost-effective. Overall, it has the greatest economic potential to recover metals by CE with scrubber liquid produced by a wet air pollution control system. An electrochemical process or solvent extraction could then be applied to recover HMs from the enriched leachate. Ongoing development of TS and bioleaching technologies could reduce the treatment cost or time.

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