Control of biological growth in recirculating cooling systems using treated secondary effluent as makeup water with monochloramine

The secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants was reused for industrial cooling water after pre-treatment with a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) system. Up to a 95.3% removal efficiency for suspended solids (SS), 51.4% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 32.1% for Cl− and 30.0% SO42− were observed for the recharged secondary effluent after the SAT operation, which is essential for controlling scaling and corrosion during the cooling process. As compared to the secondary effluent, the reuse of the 1.5 m depth SAT effluent decreased the corrosion by 75.0%, in addition to a 55.1% decline of the scales/biofouling formation (with a compacted structure). The experimental results can satisfy the Chinese criterion of Design Criterion of the Industrial Circulating Cooling Water Treatment (GB 50050-95), and was more efficient than tertiary effluent which coagulated with ferric chloride. In addition, chemical structure of the scales/biofouling obtained from the cooling system was analyzed.

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Dry and Wet-Peaking Tower Cooling Systems For Power Plant Application

Journal of Engineering for Power ◽

10.1115/1.3446174 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 335-346

Author(s):

M. W. Larinoff ◽

L. L. Forster

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Performance Analysis ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Heat Sink ◽

Cooling Tower ◽

Cooling System ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Surface Type ◽

Makeup Water ◽

Cooling Systems

A new concept of power plant heat-sink system is presented which employs the combination of a conventional wet-tower and a conventional dry-tower. The purpose of this cooling system is to reduce wet cooling-tower makeup-water requirements in water-short areas. The dry tower operates all year around while the wet-peaking tower is used only above certain ambient dry-bulb temperatures. The two cooling circuits serve separate sections of a conventional, surface-type, steam condenser. Thermal performance analysis is presented for various combinations of cooling systems ranging from 100 percent wet to 100 percent dry. Annual makeup-water requirements are calculated for various sizes of towers located in 18 selected cities of the U.S.A. ranging from north to south and east to west.

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Development of an Instantaneous Corrosion Rate Monitoring System for Metal and Metal Alloys in Recirculating Cooling Systems

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/ie202845g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 4230-4239 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mahbuboor R. Choudhury ◽

Ming-Kai Hsieh ◽

Radisav D. Vidic ◽

David A. Dzombak

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Metal Alloys ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Recirculating Cooling Systems

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USE OF PRODUCED WATER IN RECIRCULATING COOLING SYSTEMS AT POWER GENERATING FACILITIES

10.2172/835589 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Michael N. DiFilippo

Keyword(s):

Produced Water ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Recirculating Cooling Systems

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Reuse of treated sewage effluent for cooling water make up: a feasibility study and a pilot plant study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0694 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (10-11) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bandupala Wijesinghe ◽

Ralph B. Kaye ◽

Cristopher Jospeh D. Fell

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Makeup Water ◽

Biofilm Growth

This investigation was aimed at developing an acceptable technology for using secondary effluent as cooling water makeup for inland manufacturing industry in Australia. Approximate economic evaluations were made for a number of pretreatment alternatives and for internal treatment with chemical conditioning agents. Internal treatment with biocide dosing appeared to be the most promising option. A portable pilot plant scale cooling tower/heat exchanger unit was constructed. The unit incorporated an on-line, differential pressure biofilm monitor together with automated control and data acquisition systems. The pilot plant was installed on site at a sewage treatment plant near Sydney. It was demonstrated that the use of TSE for cooling water makeup is technically feasible. The rate of biofilm growth observed using chlorinated secondary effluent directly from the sewage treatment plant as makeup water was similar to the rate of biofilm growth observed when potable water was used and supplementary chemical treatment was not introduced in either case. Excellent control of biofilm growth was observed in subsequent experiments when supplementary additions of simple chlorine or bromine chloride treatment systems were carried out. The pilot plant was operated successfully at 5 cycles of concentration without any other supplementary treatment being required.

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