Activating Spinal Interneurons for Neural Repair After Spinal Cord Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Dru ◽  
Daniel J. Hoh
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Spinal Interneurons and Forelimb Plasticity after Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 893-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Janine Gonzalez-Rothi ◽  
Angela M. Rombola ◽  
Celeste A. Rousseau ◽  
Lynne M. Mercier ◽  
Garrett M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Following Spinal Cord Injury Transected Reticulospinal Tract Axons Develop New Collateral Inputs to Spinal Interneurons in Parallel with Locomotor Recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacnicte May ◽  
Keith K. Fenrich ◽  
Julia Dahlby ◽  
Nicholas J. Batty ◽  
Abel Torres-Espín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Reticulospinal Tract ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Locomotor Ability

The reticulospinal tract (RtST) descends from the reticular formation and terminates in the spinal cord. The RtST drives the initiation of locomotion and postural control. RtST axons form new contacts with propriospinal interneurons (PrINs) after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI); however, it is unclear if injured or uninjured axons make these connections. We completely transected all traced RtST axons in rats using a staggered model, where a hemisection SCI at vertebra T10 is followed by a contralateral hemisection at vertebra T7. In one group of the animals, the T7 SCI was performed 2 weeks after the T10 SCI (delayed; dSTAG), and in another group, the T10 and T7 SCIs were concomitant (cSTAG). dSTAG animals had significantly more RtST-PrIN contacts in the grey matter compared to cSTAG animals (p<0.05). These results were accompanied by enhanced locomotor recovery with dSTAG animals significantly outperforming cSTAG animals (BBB test;p<0.05). This difference suggests that activity in neuronal networks below the first SCI may contribute to enhanced recovery, because dSTAG rats recovered locomotor ability before the second hemisection. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that the injured RtST forms new connections and is a key player in the recovery of locomotion post-SCI.

Spinal cord injury and neural repair: focus on neuroregenerative approaches for spinal cord injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl C Baptiste ◽  
Allyson Tighe ◽  
Michael G Fehlings
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Elevated Serum Melatonin under Constant Darkness Enhances Neural Repair in Spinal Cord Injury through Regulation of Circadian Clock Proteins Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunkyung Hong ◽  
Yunho Jin ◽  
Kanghui Park ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Hyunbon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Constant Dark ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

We investigated the effects of environmental lighting conditions regulating endogenous melatonin production on neural repair, following experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Rats were divided into three groups randomly: the SCI + L/D (12/12-h light/dark), SCI + LL (24-h constant light), and SCI + DD (24-h constant dark) groups. Controlled light/dark cycle was pre-applied 2 weeks before induction of spinal cord injury. There was a significant increase in motor recovery as well as body weight from postoperative day (POD) 7 under constant darkness. However, spontaneous elevation of endogenous melatonin in cerebrospinal fluid was seen at POD 3 in all of the SCI rats, which was enhanced in SCI + DD group. Augmented melatonin concentration under constant dark condition resulted in facilitation of neuronal differentiation as well as inhibition of primary cell death. In the rostrocaudal region, elevated endogenous melatonin concentration promoted neural remodeling in acute phase including oligodendrogenesis, excitatory synaptic formation, and axonal outgrowth. The changes were mediated via NAS-TrkB-AKT/ERK signal transduction co-regulated by the circadian clock mechanism, leading to rapid motor recovery. In contrast, exposure to constant light exacerbated the inflammatory responses and neuroglial loss. These results suggest that light/dark control in the acute phase might be a considerable environmental factor for a favorable prognosis after SCI.

Rehabilitation Medicine Implications of Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury–A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
U Singh ◽  
Gita Handa ◽  
K B Sumalatha
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Task Oriented

Abstract The life expectancy in spinal cord injury has increased but no cure has been found yet. Stem cell therapy in the spinal cord injury stands high hopes of neural repair and regeneration and getting back to normal life. But for its fruitful result it is essential to know the pathophysiology of the spinal cord injury and also the treatment should be appropriately timed according to the stages of injury. Regular follow-up of these patients is very important as stem cell therapy alone without appropriate rehabilitation may not only result in failure of therapy but also patients may end up in complications such as UTI, bed sores etc. Role of rehab in spinal cord injury with respect to physiological and task oriented neuroplasticity has shown benefits in animal studies. Rehabilitation programme integrated with the stem cell therapy may help to improve the functional outcome.

scholarly journals Epigenetics of Neural Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. York ◽  
Audrey Petit ◽  
A. Jane Roskams
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Sustained delivery of neurotrophic factors to treat spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 494-511
Author(s):  
Aikeremujiang Muheremu ◽  
Li Shu ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Abudunaibi Aili ◽  
Kan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Psychological Harm

Abstract Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that results in tremendous physical and psychological harm and a series of socioeconomic problems. Although neurons in the spinal cord need neurotrophic factors for their survival and development to reestablish their connections with their original targets, endogenous neurotrophic factors are scarce and the sustainable delivery of exogeneous neurotrophic factors is challenging. The widely studied neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor have a relatively short cycle that is not sufficient enough for functionally significant neural regeneration after SCI. In the past decades, scholars have tried a variety of cellular and viral vehicles as well as tissue engineering scaffolds to safely and sustainably deliver those necessary neurotrophic factors to the injury site, and achieved satisfactory neural repair and functional recovery on many occasions. Here, we review the neurotrophic factors that have been used in trials to treat SCI, and vehicles that were commonly used for their sustained delivery.

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