Diminished bone perfusion develops in response to disuse and has been proposed as a mechanism underlying bone loss. Bone blood flow (BF) has not been investigated within the unique context of severe contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition that produces neurogenic bone loss that is precipitated by disuse and other physiologic consequences of central nervous system injury. Herein, 4-mo-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received T9 laminectomy (SHAM) or laminectomy with severe contusion SCI (N=20/group). Time course assessments of hindlimb bone microstructure and bone perfusion were performed in vivo at 1- and 2-wks post-surgery via microCT and intracardiac microsphere infusion, respectively, and bone turnover indices were determined via histomorphometry. Both groups exhibited cancellous bone loss beginning in the initial post-surgical week, with cancellous and cortical bone deficits progressing only in SCI thereafter. Trabecular bone deterioration coincided with uncoupled bone turnover after SCI, as indicated by signs of ongoing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and a near-complete absence of osteoblasts and cancellous bone formation. Bone BF was not different between groups at 1-wk, when both groups displayed bone loss. In comparison, femur and tibia perfusion was 30-40% lower in SCI vs SHAM at 2-wks, with the most pronounced regional BF deficits occurring at the distal femur. Significant associations existed between distal femur BF and cancellous and cortical bone loss indices. Our data provide the first direct evidence indicating bone BF deficits develop in response to SCI and temporally coincide with suppressed bone formation and with cancellous and cortical bone deterioration.
Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover During the First Year of Injury in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
