Adoption and Impact of Hybrid Wheat in India

In order to estimate hybrid vigor, wheat genotypes differing in spike architecture (normal, tetrastichon and branched) were crossed and the F1 and F2 generations analyzed for the number of fertile spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and grain weight/spike. The parents used for crossing were Sava (normal spike), Forlani (normal spike), ZG T 171/1 (tetrastichon spike) and ZG 172 (branched spike). The F1 and F2 progenies, except those from the cross Sava x Forlani, had a lower number of fertile spikelets/spike compared with the better parent. In the crosses between genotypes with normal and branched spikes, the F1 and F2 progenies formed significantly fewer grains/spike. On the other hand, the F1 of the crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spike showed a significant level of heterosis with respect to the number of grains/spike, particularly the cross Forlani x ZG T 171/1. In regard to grain weight/spike, significant heterosis was detected in all crosses except Sava x ZG 172. The crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spikes that exhibited significant heterosis for two main yield components were most promising in the context of hybrid wheat development. Such crosses deserve further attention and investigation.

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Genetic male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.): Reproductive characteristics and possible use in hybrid wheat breeding

Hilgardia ◽

10.3733/hilg.v45n06p153 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 153-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chao-Chien Jan ◽

C. O. Qualset

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Hybrid Wheat ◽

Reproductive Characteristics ◽

Genetic Male Sterility

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Breeding of Candidate Lines for Male Sterility-Maintainer by Anther Culture for Hybrid Wheat Production Using an Sv Type Cytoplasm and a 1BL-1RS Chromosome.

Ikushugaku zasshi ◽

10.1270/jsbbs1951.44.23 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Takiko Shimada ◽

Kunio Toriyama ◽

Koichiro Tsunewaki ◽

Shunji Nonaka ◽

Takato Koba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Hybrid Wheat ◽

Wheat Production

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“Hybrid” Wheat

Nature ◽

10.1038/034629a0 ◽

1886 ◽

Vol 34 (887) ◽

pp. 629-629

Author(s):

H. E.

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Wheat

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The Breeding and Production of Hybrid Wheat

Genetic Improvement in Yield of Wheat - CSSA Special Publications ◽

10.2135/cssaspecpub13.c7 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 87-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.A. Lucken

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Wheat

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Negative dominance and dominance-by-dominance epistatic effects reduce grain-yield heterosis in wide crosses in wheat

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aay4897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (24) ◽

pp. eaay4897 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philipp H. G. Boeven ◽

Yusheng Zhao ◽

Patrick Thorwarth ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Hans Peter Maurer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Distance Measure ◽

Hybrid Wheat ◽

Wide Crosses ◽

Epistatic Effects ◽

Global Food Security ◽

The Difference ◽

Negative Dominance ◽

Global Food

The genetics underlying heterosis, the difference in performance of crosses compared with midparents, is hypothesized to vary with relatedness between parents. We established a unique germplasm comprising three hybrid wheat sets differing in the degree of divergence between parents and devised a genetic distance measure giving weight to heterotic loci. Heterosis increased steadily with heterotic genetic distance for all 1903 hybrids. Midparent heterosis, however, was significantly lower in the hybrids including crosses between elite and exotic lines than in crosses among elite lines. The analysis of the genetic architecture of heterosis revealed this to be caused by a higher portion of negative dominance and dominance-by-dominance epistatic effects. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of heterosis in crops, an important pillar toward global food security.

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Are Wheat Hybrids More Affected by Weed Competition than Conventional Cultivars?

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10040526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 526

Author(s):

Marco Milan ◽

Silvia Fogliatto ◽

Massimo Blandino ◽

Francesco Vidotto

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Hybrid Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Productivity Losses ◽

Crop Density ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Wheat Hybrids

Seeding rates of hybrid wheat varieties are typically much lower than conventional varieties due to their higher seed costs, which could potentially delay canopy development leading to greater weed pressures. To test whether hybrid wheat crops are more affected by weed pressure than conventional cultivars, a conventional variety (“Illico”) and a hybrid (“Hystar”), were compared in a three-year (2012–2016) field study at two sites in Northern Italy. Weed infestation was mainly characterized by weeds with an early growth pattern, and in only a few seasons did the hybrid crops show a higher weed density than the conventional cultivar. Despite the lower sowing rate, hybrids were able to achieve a similar crop density to the conventional cultivar even in years of delayed sowing or dry weather conditions. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values were generally similar between cultivars across the years, regardless of the presence of weeds, except during the springtime. Occasionally, the test weight was significantly higher in weeded plots than un-weeded plots. Overall, the two cultivars showed similar yields within the same year. These results indicate that on fields with a low weed burden, and where these weeds emerge early, cultivars may not be significantly affected by productivity losses.

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