scholarly journals Erratum to ‘Reading lived social contracts through education: From protection to the production of hegemony’ [World Dev. 137 (2020) 104986]

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 105513
Author(s):  
Hania Sobhy
Keyword(s):  
Social Contracts

CONVENTIONS AND SOCIAL CONTRACTS

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Contracts

Interfirm Monitoring, Social Contracts, and Relationship Outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B. Heide ◽  
Kenneth H. Wathne ◽  
Aksel I. Rokkan
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Longitudinal Field ◽  
Interfirm Relationships ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
Behavior Monitoring ◽  
Versus Behavior ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Output Monitoring

This article examines the effects of monitoring on interfirm relationships. Whereas some research suggests that monitoring can serve as a control mechanism that reduces exchange partner opportunism, there is also evidence showing that monitoring can actually promote such behavior. The authors propose that the actual effect of monitoring depends on (1) the form of monitoring used (output versus behavior) and (2) the context in which monitoring takes place. With regard to the form of monitoring, the results from a longitudinal field study of buyer–supplier relationships show that output monitoring decreases partner opportunism, as transaction cost and agency theory predict, whereas behavior monitoring, which is a more obtrusive form of control, increases partner opportunism. With regard to the context, the authors find that informal relationship elements in the form of microlevel social contracts serve as buffers that both enhance the effects of output monitoring and permit behavior monitoring to suppress opportunism in the first place.

scholarly journals Preparing for battle? Potential intergroup conflict promotes current intragroup affiliation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Breeding Pair ◽  
Simple Consequence ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Agonistic Support

Groups of human soldiers increase their affiliative behaviour when moving into combat zones. Despite numerous other species also competing as groups, little is known about how potential intergroup conflict might influence current intragroup affiliative behaviour in non-human animals. Here, I show that allopreening (when one individual preens another) increases in groups of cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) when they enter areas where conflicts with neighbours are more likely. Self-preening, which is an indicator of stress in other species, did not increase in conflict areas, suggesting that the change in affiliative behaviour is not the simple consequence of greater stress. Instead, because it is the dominant breeding pair that increase their preening of subordinate helpers, it is possible that current affiliative behaviour is being exchanged for agonistic support in any intergroup conflicts that might ensue. These results are important for our understanding of group dynamics, cooperation and the evolution of sociality, but also bring to mind the intriguing possibilities of social contracts and future planning in birds.

Lifestyles as Social Contracts between Workers and Organizations

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Haunschild
Keyword(s):  
Social Contracts

scholarly journals Changing social contracts: Beliefs and dissipative inclusion in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Alston ◽  
Marcus Andre Melo ◽  
Bernardo Mueller ◽  
Carlos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Social Contracts

scholarly journals What Does Being a Settler Ally in Research Mean? A Graduate Students Experience Learning From and Working Within Indigenous Research Paradigms

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691877048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Snow
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Narrative Inquiry ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Institutional Expectations ◽  
Conducting Research

Research with Indigenous peoples is fraught with complexity and misunderstandings. The complexity of negotiating historical and current issues as well as the misunderstandings about what the issues really mean for individuals and communities can cause non-Indigenous researchers to shy away from working with Indigenous groups. In conducting research for my doctoral dissertation, I was a novice researcher faced with negotiating two very different sets of social contracts: the Western Canadian university’s and my Indigenous participants’. Through narrative inquiry of my experience, this article explores issues of ethics, institutional expectations, and community relationships. Guided by Kirkness and Barnhardt’s “Four R’s” framework of respect, relevance, reciprocity, and responsibility, I aimed to meet the needs of both the groups, but it was not without challenges. What do you do when needs collide? This article shares my process of negotiating the research, the decisions made, and how I came to understand my role in the process as a Settler Ally. It closes with some implications for other researchers who are considering their own roles as Settler Allies.

scholarly journals Cuba’s Agricultural Transformations

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Nova González ◽  
Mario A Gonzalez-Corzo
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Cuban Government ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Agricultural Yields

The Cuban government has implemented a series of agricultural transformations since 2007 to increase the country’s agricultural self-sufficiency and reduce its dependency on food imports. These include the transfer (in usufruct) of State-owned land to non-State producers (e.g. cooperatives and private farmers), moderate price reforms, the decentralization of decision making, and the gradual relaxation of existing forms of agricultural commercialization.  As a result of these measures, the area planted, as well as physical output and agricultural yields (in selected non-sugar crop categories) have shown mixed results, but still remain below desired levels. There are three (3) fundamental unresolved aspects that have prevented Cuba’s agricultural sector from achieving the desired outcomes: (1) the need to achieve the “realization of property,” (2) the recognition and acceptance of the market as a complementary economic coordination mechanism, and (3) the absence of a systemic focus to achieve the successful completion of the agricultural production cycle.  These unresolved aspects should be addressed through: (1) the consolidation of input markets, where producers can obtain essential inputs at prices that correspond to the prices they can obtain for their output, (2) greater autonomy to allow agricultural producers to freely decide when, where, and to whom they could sell their output, after social contracts have been fulfilled, (3) the diversification of the forms of agricultural commercialization to permit greater participation by non-State economic actors, (4) allowing agricultural producers to freely hire the labor necessary to sustain and increase production, and (5) providing agricultural producers with the financing and technical assistance necessary.

Emergent Cultural Differences in Online Communities’ Norms of Fairness

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Strimling ◽  
Seth Frey
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
World Of Warcraft ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Social Contracts

Unpredictable social dynamics can dominate social outcomes even in carefully designed societies like online multiplayer games. According to theories from economic game theory and evolutionary anthropology, communities that are otherwise identical can spontaneously develop emergent cultural differences. We demonstrate the emergence of norm diversity in comparable populations distributed across identical copies of a single multiplayer game world. We use 2006 data from several servers of World of Warcraft to analyze how social contracts about resource distribution converge within independent communities, while varying across them. We find wide-ranging diversity in the norms that communities consider standard, fair, and common, even where these norms are unenforcable and players face large incentives to deviate from them. By documenting how designed societies come to differ in undesigned ways, we present emergent cultural diversity as a distinguishing feature of human sociality and a major challenge for game designers.

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