scholarly journals Preparing for battle? Potential intergroup conflict promotes current intragroup affiliation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Breeding Pair ◽  
Simple Consequence ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Agonistic Support

Groups of human soldiers increase their affiliative behaviour when moving into combat zones. Despite numerous other species also competing as groups, little is known about how potential intergroup conflict might influence current intragroup affiliative behaviour in non-human animals. Here, I show that allopreening (when one individual preens another) increases in groups of cooperatively breeding green woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) when they enter areas where conflicts with neighbours are more likely. Self-preening, which is an indicator of stress in other species, did not increase in conflict areas, suggesting that the change in affiliative behaviour is not the simple consequence of greater stress. Instead, because it is the dominant breeding pair that increase their preening of subordinate helpers, it is possible that current affiliative behaviour is being exchanged for agonistic support in any intergroup conflicts that might ensue. These results are important for our understanding of group dynamics, cooperation and the evolution of sociality, but also bring to mind the intriguing possibilities of social contracts and future planning in birds.

scholarly journals Duration and outcome of intergroup conflict influences intragroup affiliative behaviour

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1653) ◽  
pp. 2787-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N Radford
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Breeding Pair ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Duration ◽  
Intragroup Processes ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Theoreticians have long suggested that the amount of intergroup conflict in which a group is involved could influence the level of cooperation or affiliation displayed by its members. Despite the prevalence of intergroup conflicts in many social animal species, however, few empirical studies have investigated this potential link. Here, I show that intragroup allopreening rates are highest in green woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus purpureus ) groups that have the greatest involvement in intergroup conflict. One reason for this relationship is a post-conflict increase in allopreening, and I demonstrate for the first time that both conflict duration and outcome influence subsequent allopreening rates: group members allopreened more following long conflicts and those they lost compared with short conflicts and those they won, perhaps because the former are more stressful. The increase in affiliative behaviour was the result of more allopreening of subordinate helpers by the dominant breeding pair, which may be because the breeders are trying to encourage helpers to participate in future conflicts; relative group size influences conflict outcome and helpers contribute more to conflicts than do the breeding pair. These results emphasize that our understanding of cooperation and group dynamics can be enhanced by investigations of how intergroup interactions affect intragroup processes.

Hated but still human: Metadehumanization leads to greater hostility than metaprejudice

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022097903
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Landry ◽  
Elliott Ihm ◽  
Jonathan W. Schooler
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Metadehumanization, the perception that members of an outgroup dehumanize your group, has been found to exacerbate intergroup conflict by inspiring reciprocal dehumanization of the offending outgroup. Moreover, metadehumanization is distinct from metaprejudice (i.e., the perception that an outgroup hates your group). Given the mutual animosity reported in public opinion polls toward the other side, we believed US–Russia relations would be a worthwhile context in which to extend this model. Therefore, we measured Americans’ levels of metadehumanization and metaprejudice of Russians to determine the association between these perceptions and their hostility toward Russians (Study 1). In this novel intergroup conflict, metadehumanization remained a consequential predictor of outgroup hostility over and above metaprejudice, suggesting that it can exacerbate a broader range of intergroup conflicts than those heretofore examined. Given these findings, we then sought to experimentally differentiate between metadehumanization and metaprejudice. In Study 2, we manipulated both metadehumanization and metaprejudice to (a) determine whether one or both cause greater outgroup hostility and (b) elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which they may produce this effect. Whereas metadehumanization produced greater hostility, metaprejudice did not. Moreover, although both metaperceptions inspired greater prejudice, only metadehumanization led to greater dehumanization. We conclude that metadehumanization may be a particularly potent fomenter of hostility because it inspires reciprocal dehumanization over and above more general negative bias.

Filling in the holes: The reproductive biology of the understudied Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Hart ◽  
K. Medger ◽  
B. van Jaarsveld ◽  
N.C. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Insight Into

African mole-rats have provided great insight into mammalian evolution of sociality and reproductive strategy. However, some species have not received attention, and these may provide further insights into these evolutionary questions. The cooperatively breeding Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali (Roberts, 1913)) is one such species. Body mass, reproductive-tract morphometrics, gonad histology, and plasma reproductive hormone concentrations were studied for breeding and non-breeding males and females over 1 year. This study aimed to discern if this species exhibits a seasonal or aseasonal breeding pattern and whether there is a relaxation of reproductive suppression at any point in the year in non-breeding animals. The pattern of reproductive relaxation during the wetter months is similar to other African mole-rat species. Interestingly, births and pregnant breeding females were recorded throughout the year, thus indicating an aseasonal breeding strategy, despite inhabiting a region that experiences seasonal rainfall. However, there were periods of the year favouring increased reproduction to enable an increased likelihood of offspring survival. This suggests that the Mahali mole-rat may be an opportunistic breeder possibly brought about by the benefits of living in a cooperatively breeding group and potentially moving into more arid environments that were previously unexploited by the genus Cryptomys Gray, 1864.

Profit Seeking and Intergroup Conflict in Hong Kong

Asian Survey ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Yau Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
The State ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Permanent Residents

Following a court ruling that babies born to mainlanders in Hong Kong are permanent residents, private hospitals cashed in by expanding services and raising fees, leading to an outburst of anti–mainland Chinese sentiment. This study challenges conventional accounts of intergroup conflicts highlighting economic contradictions between in-group and out-group or faulting the state for blaming local problems on the out-group.

scholarly journals Religious Conflicts: Opportunity Structures, Group Dynamics, and Framing

Al-Albab ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Tomas Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Social Movement Theory ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Explanations of violent religious conflicts usually focus on preconditions, facilitator causes or precipitating events at micro, meso or macro levels of analysis. As social psychology is the scientific study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behaviors are influenced by interactions and transactions between groups and individuals, it can increase our understanding of the dynamics of religious conflicts at micro and meso levels. In this paper, I illustrate this point with a discussion of the utility of social movement theory for understanding the dynamics of religious conflicts. Social movement theory locates religious conflicts within broader contexts and complex processes by focusing on the interplay between micro and meso factors and the ways in which people perceive macro factors. Given certain conditions, religion can and often do contribute to collective violence. Religion is rarely, if ever, the main cause of intergroup conflicts, but is often used as an instrument for the mobilization of human and non-human resources. Appeal to religion may help conflicting parties overcome the collective action problem associated with intergroup conflicts. This does not necessarily mean that religious conflicts have unique characteristics or a logic of their own that sets them apart from other types of intergroup conflicts.

Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Schori-Eyal ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
Tamar Saguy
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.

Violent CRED s toward Out-Groups Increase Trustworthiness: Preliminary Experimental Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 262-281
Author(s):  
Dan Řezníček ◽  
Radek Kundt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Know How ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract In the process of cultural learning, people tend to acquire mental representations and behavior from prestigious individuals over dominant ones, as prestigious individuals generously share their expertise and know-how to gain admiration, whereas dominant ones use violence, manipulation, and intimidation to enforce obedience. However, in the context of intergroup conflict, violent thoughts and behavior that are otherwise associated with dominance can hypothetically become prestigious because parochial altruists, who engage in violence against out-groups, act in the interest of their group members, therefore prosocially. This shift would imply that for other in-groups, individuals behaving violently toward out-groups during intergroup conflicts become simultaneously prestigious, making them desirable cultural models to learn from. Using the mechanism of credibility enhancing displays (CRED s), this article presents preliminary vignette-based evidence that violent CRED s toward out-groups during intergroup conflict increase the perceived trustworthiness of a violent cultural model.

scholarly journals Extended and cumulative effects of experimentally induced intergroup conflict in a cooperatively breeding mammal

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1964) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Morris-Drake ◽  
Jennifer F. Linden ◽  
Julie M. Kern ◽  
Andrew N. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Single Presentation ◽  
Herbivore Faeces ◽  
Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Experimental Findings

Conflict between rival groups is rife in nature. While recent work has begun exploring the behavioural consequences of this intergroup conflict, studies have primarily considered just the 1–2 h immediately after single interactions with rivals or their cues. Using a habituated population of wild dwarf mongooses ( Helogale parvula ), we conducted week-long manipulations to investigate longer-term impacts of intergroup conflict. Compared to a single presentation of control herbivore faeces, one rival-group faecal presentation (simulating a territorial intrusion) resulted in more within-group grooming the following day, beyond the likely period of conflict-induced stress. Repeated presentations of outsider cues led to further changes in baseline behaviour by the end of the week: compared to control weeks, mongooses spent less time foraging and foraged closer to their groupmates, even when there had been no recent simulated intrusion. Moreover, there was more baseline territorial scent-marking and a higher likelihood of group fissioning in intrusion weeks. Consequently, individuals gained less body mass at the end of weeks with repeated simulated intrusions. Our experimental findings provide evidence for longer-term, extended and cumulative, effects of an elevated intergroup threat, which may lead to fitness consequences and underpin this powerful selective pressure.

The fire burns within: Individual motivations for self-sacrifice

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima-Maria Rahal
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientation ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Specific Determinant

AbstractExtreme self-sacrifice in intergroup conflict may be driven not only by situational factors generating “fusion,” but also by interindividual differences. Social value orientation is discussed as a potential contributor to self-harming behavior outside of intergroup conflicts and to the general propensity to participate in intergroup conflict. Social value orientation may therefore also be a person-specific determinant of extreme self-sacrifice in intergroup conflict.

Where the Blame Lies: Unpacking Groups Into Their Constituent Subgroups Shifts Judgments of Blame in Intergroup Conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110269
Author(s):  
Nir Halevy ◽  
Ifat Maoz ◽  
Preeti Vani ◽  
Emily S. Reit
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
White People ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Whom do individuals blame for intergroup conflict? Do people attribute responsibility for intergroup conflict to the in-group or the out-group? Theoretically integrating the literatures on intergroup relations, moral psychology, and judgment and decision-making, we propose that unpacking a group by explicitly describing it in terms of its constituent subgroups increases perceived support for the view that the unpacked group shoulders more of the blame for intergroup conflict. Five preregistered experiments ( N = 3,335 adults) found support for this novel hypothesis across three distinct intergroup conflicts: the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, current racial tensions between White people and Black people in the United States, and the gender gap in wages in the United States. Our findings (a) highlight the independent roles that entrenched social identities and cognitive, presentation-based processes play in shaping blame judgments, (b) demonstrate that the effect of unpacking groups generalizes across partisans and nonpartisans, and (c) illustrate how constructing packed versus unpacked sets of potential perpetrators can critically shape where the blame lies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document