Changes in prolactin mRNA levels during downstream migration of the amphidromous teleost, ayu Plecoglossus altivelis

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yada ◽  
Tetsuya Tsuruta ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakano ◽  
Shoichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Nobuhiko Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

scholarly journals The influence of sGnRH-A and antidopaminergic drug – pimozide – on prolactin mRNA synthesis in female Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch) in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
J. Chyb ◽  
M. Socha ◽  
P. Szczerbik ◽  
M. Sokolowska-Mikolajczyk ◽  
T. Mikołajczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mrna Synthesis ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Prussian Carp ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Prolactin Synthesis ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

Effects of salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRH-A) and antidopaminergic drug, pimozide, on the synthesis of prolactin mRNA in vivo in female Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch) during two different stages of the reproductive cycle were evaluated. The results showed that the lowest dose of sGnRH-A (5 μg/kg body weight) significantly stimulated the mRNA synthesis in fish during the recrudescence as well as during the preovulatory period, higher doses of this compound having no significant effect on prolactin mRNA synthesis. The blocker of dopamine receptors, pimozide, also potentiated prolactin mRNA synthesis – in recrudescent females it increased mRNA levels at the dose of 1 mg/kg, while in the preovulatory period all of the used pimozide doses (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were responsible for the increase of prolactin mRNA levels. Taken together, the above results suggest that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is the factor responsible for the stimulation of prolactin synthesis, while dopamine has an inhibitory influence on the prolactin production.  

Tri-iodothyronine and phenytoin reduce prolactin messenger RNA levels in cultured rat pituitary cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. E. Davis ◽  
T. C. Lynam ◽  
J. A. Franklyn ◽  
K. Docherty ◽  
M. C. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Dot Hybridization ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Rat Pituitary Cells ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

ABSTRACT Thyroid hormones may regulate prolactin gene transcription. We have previously found that phenytoin inhibits tri-iodothyronine (T3) nuclear binding, and have suggested that phenytoin may act as a partial T3 agonist. We have therefore investigated the effects of phenytoin and T3 on prolactin release and gene transcription, using the technique of cytoplasmic dot hybridization with complementary DNA probes to estimate prolactin messenger (m) RNA concentrations in cytoplasm from cultured rat pituitary cells. Tri-iodothyronine treatment led to a small but significant fall in prolactin release by 72 h, but caused marked dose- and time-dependent reductions in prolactin mRNA levels at 48–72 h. Phenytoin, however, caused more rapid falls in both prolactin release and mRNA concentrations. Neither T3 nor phenytoin significantly altered GH mRNA levels. These studies suggest effects of phenytoin similar, but not identical, to those of T3 in the lactotroph. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 359–364

Lack of hormonal stimulation prevents the landlocked Biwa salmon (Oncorhynchus masou subspecies) from adapting to seawater

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. R414-R425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Nakajima ◽  
Haruka Shimura ◽  
Miyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yasuhiro Fujioka ◽  
Kazuhiro Ura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oncorhynchus Masou ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Low Ability

Landlocking of salmon relaxes selective pressures on hypoosmoregulatory ability (seawater adaptability) and may lead to the abandonment of its physiological system. However, little is known about the mechanism and consequence of the process. Biwa salmon is a strain/subspecies of Oncorhynchus masou that has been landlocked in Lake Biwa for an exceptionally long period (about 500,000 years) and has low ability to adapt to seawater. We compared activity of gill Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) of Biwa salmon with those of anadromous strains of the same species (masu and amago salmon) during downstream migration periods and after exogenous hormone treatment. Gill NKA activity in anadromous strains increased during their migration periods, while that in Biwa salmon remained low. However, treatments of Biwa salmon with growth hormone (GH) and cortisol increased gill NKA activity. Cortisol treatment also improved the whole body seawater adaptability of Biwa salmon. Receptors for GH and cortisol responded to hormonal treatments, whereas their mRNA levels during downstream migration period were essentially unchanged in Biwa salmon. Circulating levels of cortisol in masu salmon showed a peak during downstream migration period, while no such increase was seen in Biwa salmon. The present results indicate that Biwa salmon can improve its seawater adaptability by exogenous hormonal treatment, and hormone receptors are capable of responding to the signals. However, secretion of the endogenous hormone (cortisol) was not activated during the downstream migration period, which explains, at least in part, their low ability to adapt to seawater.

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of complementary DNA for bullfrog prolactin

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Takahashi ◽  
K. Yoshihama ◽  
S. Kikuyama ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Cdna Expression Library ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Library ◽  
Untranslated Sequence ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

ABSTRACT A prolactin cDNA was cloned from a cDNA expression library constructed from total RNA of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) adenohypophyses by immunoscreening with antiserum against bullfrog prolactin. The cDNA clone thus obtained contained a 249 bp insert. Using this clone as a probe, plaque hybridizations were performed and two additional clones obtained. These clones had a polyadenylation site different from that of the first obtained clone, suggesting that the 3′-untranslated sequence was heterogeneous in length. The longest clone contained 830 bp, which encoded part of the signal peptide and the entire sequence of mature prolactin. The deduced amino acid sequence was in good accord with that determined by direct protein sequencing of purified bullfrog prolactin. The length of the bullfrog prolactin mRNA was estimated by Northern blot analysis to be about 1·0 kb. Homologies of prolactin nucleotide and amino acid sequences between bullfrog and other vertebrates were 64 and 65% for man, 66 and 68% for pig, 61 and 52% for rat, 69 and 74% for chicken, and 50 and 35% for salmon respectively. Highly conserved regions reported for mammalian prolactins also existed in bullfrog prolactin. Homologies of nucleotide and amino acid sequences between prolactin and GH of bullfrog origin were 49 and 25% respectively. Using the cDNA, the content of prolactin mRNA in the pituitary glands of metamorphosing tadpoles was measured. Prolactin mRNA levels rose at the mid-climax stage, suggesting that the increase in plasma and pituitary prolactin levels known to occur at the climax stage accompanies the increase in prolactin synthesis.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the rat prolactin gene by calcium.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Preston ◽  
W M Billis ◽  
B A White
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Gh3 Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Nuclear Site ◽  
Gene Treatment ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

The rat prolactin gene is expressed at a high basal level in the pituitary tumor GH3 cell line. Culturing GH3 cells in a low-Ca2+, serum-free medium (SFM) depresses prolactin mRNA levels, and subsequent addition of Ca2+ to the SFM results in a specific, gradual, and sustained increase in prolactin mRNA levels. We have now examined whether the observed increase in prolactin mRNA levels can be attributed solely to an increase in the transcriptional rate of the prolactin gene. Treatment of GH3 cells in SFM with 0.4 mM CaCl2 for 24 to 48 h increased cytoplasmic prolactin mRNA levels by 5- to 10-fold, whereas the transcriptional rate of the prolactin gene was increased by less than twofold over values for SFM controls. Prolactin mRNA levels increased progressively during the 24-h period after Ca2+ addition, whereas prolactin gene transcription never exceeded a twofold increase over values for SFM controls. The activities of nuclear extracts from control and Ca2(+)-induced cells were examined in an in vitro transcription assay. The two extracts directed transcription from the prolactin promoter and the adenovirus major late promoter equally well. Cycloheximide had no effect on the ability of Ca2+ to increase or maintain prolactin mRNA levels. In dactinomycin mRNA clearance experiments, prolactin mRNA was cleared at the same rate in the absence and presence of Ca2+. These results demonstrate that although Ca2+ has a small effect on the transcriptional rate of the prolactin gene, Ca2+ produces a significant increase in prolactin mRNA levels by acting at a posttranscriptional site(s). Furthermore, Ca(2+) appears to increase prolactin mRNA levels by posttranslational modification of a stable protein, probably at a nuclear site.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Course of Sepsis in Hematooncological Patients by Extrapituitary Prolactin Expression in Peripheral Blood Monocytes

2012 ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ČEJKOVÁ ◽  
V. CHROMÁ ◽  
M. ČERNÁ ◽  
M. MARKOVÁ ◽  
J. MAREK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

Our study explored the role of extrapituitary prolactin (PRL) and toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4 in defense reaction of immune system to bacterial infection. Forty-two patients diagnosed with sepsis were recruited and blood samples were withdrawn after patients’ admission to hospital, after the end of acute phase of sepsis and after the sepsis has been resolved, respectively. Seventeen patients died of sepsis; thus, only one sample collected just before death could be processed. PRL and TLR2/4 mRNA levels were measured in CD14+ blood monocytes by QPCR and PRL -1149 G/T SNP genotyped. The TLRs mRNA expression was markedly elevated in all patients groups in comparison to healthy controls mRNA levels; the highest upregulation of monocytic TLR2 in sepsis (16.4 times, P<0.0001) was detected in patients who did not survive septic complications. PRL mRNA expression in monocytes from non-survivors tended to be lower (4.5 fold decrease, P=NS) compared to control levels and it was 6.2 times reduced compared to PRL mRNA expression in second blood sample from survivors (P<0.05). The PRL -1149 G/T SNP had no effect on PRL mRNA response during sepsis. Our data suggest that increased prolactin mRNA expression in monocytes is associated with better outcome and improved survival rate in sepsis with no apparent effect of PRL -1149 G/T SNP on monocytic prolactin response.

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