The role of brain somatostatin receptor 2 in the regulation of feeding and drinking behavior

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

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The influence of alcohol on the activation of outcome expectancies: the role of evaluative expectancy activation in drinking behavior.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol ◽

10.15288/jsa.2003.64.111 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Tibor P Palfai ◽

Brian D Ostafin

Keyword(s):

Drinking Behavior ◽

Outcome Expectancies

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Abstract P059: A A Role of Aminopeptidase A in the Brain on Cardiovascular Regulation of Conscious Rat

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.66.suppl_1.p059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Takuto Nakamura ◽

Masanobu Yamazato ◽

Akio Ishida ◽

Yusuke Ohya

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Cardiovascular Regulation ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Aminopeptidase A ◽

The Brain

Objective: Aminopeptidase A (APA) have important role in conversion of Ang II to Ang III. Intravenous APA administration lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats. In contrast, APA inhibition in the brain lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Therefore APA might have different role on cardiovascular regulation. However, a role of APA and Ang III on cardiovascular regulation especially in the brain has not been fully understood. Our purpose of present study was to investigate a role of APA and Ang III in the brain on cardiovascular regulation in conscious state. Method: 12-13 weeks old Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) and 12-16 weeks old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were used. i) APA distribution in the brain was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of APA was evaluated by Western blotting. Enzymatic activity of APA was evaluated using L-glutamic acid γ-(4-nitroanilide) as a substrate. ii) WKY received icv administration of Ang II 25ng/2μL and Ang III 25ng/2μL. We recorded change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious and unrestraied state and measured induced drinking time. iii) SHR received icv administeration of recombinant APA 400ng/4μL. We recorded change in MAP in conscious and unrestraied state and measured induced drinking time. Result: i) APA was diffusely immunostained in the cells of brain stem including cardiovascular regulatory area such as rostral ventrolateral medulla. Protein expression and APA activity in the brain were similar between WKY (n=3) and SHR (n=3).ii) Icv administration of Ang II increased MAP by 33.8±3.8 mmHg and induced drinking behavior for 405±90 seconds (n=4). Icv administration of Ang III also increased MAP by 24.7±2.4 mmHg and induced drinking behavior for 258±62 seconds (n=3). These vasopressor activity and induced drinking behavior was completely blocked by pretretment of angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker.iii) Icv administration of APA increased MAP by 10.0±1.7 mmHg (n=3). Conclusion: These results suggested that Ang III in the brain increase blood pressure by Angiotensin type 1 receptor dependent mechanism and APA in the brain may involved in blood pressure regulation as a vasopressor enzyme.

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RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING AND THERAPY OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS

Journal of Cancer & Allied Specialties ◽

10.37029/jcas.v1i2.30 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shaunak Navalkissoor ◽

Gopinath Gnanasegaran

Keyword(s):

Radionuclide Imaging ◽

Radionuclide Therapy ◽

Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽

Somatostatin Receptor ◽

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy ◽

Clinical Results ◽

It Use ◽

Peptide Receptor ◽

Mibg Therapy

The incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are on the rise. Although NETs are a heterogeneous group of tumours, they have some similar properties, for example, that they can concentrate neuroamines and tend to have a high degree of somatostatin receptor (SSR) expression. These mechanisms can be exploited and this article discusses the important role of radionculide imaging and radionculide therapy in the management of NETs based on these mechanisms. This article reviews the current literature and discusses the role of radionuclide imaging in NETs both in terms of SSR imaging and neuroamine (metaiodobenzylguanidine [MIBG]) imaging. We discuss state-of- the-art 68Ga-radiopeptide imaging and indications for it use. We also discuss the role of 18F-FDG and other tracers in the management of NETs. The second half of the article focuses on radiotargeted treatment of NETs, discussing I-131 MIBG therapy and focussing on the emergence of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. We discuss the clinical results, toxicities and patient selection for PRRT. Key words: DOTA octreotide, DOTATATE, Ga-68, Lu-177, metaiodobenzylguanidine, neuroendocrine tumours, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, Y-90

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Optogenetic approaches for the analysis of the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the development of alcohol dependence: from correlations to mechanisms

V M BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY ◽

10.31363/2313-7053-2019-4-1-39-40 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 39-40

Author(s):

E. A. Budygin

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Dopamine Release ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Alcohol Addiction ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Dopaminergic Mechanisms ◽

Neurochemical Changes

Despite many years of work on dopaminergic mechanisms of alcohol addiction, much of this evidence remains mostly correlative in nature. Fortunately, the latest technological advances have provided the opportunity to explore the causal role of neurochemical changes within brain regions involved in addictive behaviors. In this work using optogenetics, we have attempted to answer the question of how dopamine release dynamics control the motivational component of alcohol drinking behavior.

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