AbstractMC3T3-E1 is a clonal pre-osteoblastic cell line derived from newborn mouse calvaria, which is commonly used in osteoblast studies. To investigate the effects of estrogen on osteoblasts, we treated MC3T3-E1 cells with various concentrations of estrogen and assessed their proliferation. Next, we performed RNA deep sequencing to investigate the effects on estrogen target genes. Bmpr1a and Tgfbr1, important participants in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, were down-regulated in our deep sequencing results. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that estrogen receptor response elements (EREs) were present in the Bmpr1a and Tgfbr1 promoters. Culturing the cells with the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha or beta antagonists 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1H-pyrazole dihydrochloride (MPP) or 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazolo[1,5-alpha]pyrimidin-3-yl] phenol (PTHPP), respectively, demonstrated that ER beta is involved in the estrogen-mediated repression of Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a.The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) results were consistent with the conclusion that E2 increased the binding of ER beta at the EREs located in the Tgfbr1 and Bmpr1a promoters. Our research provides new insight into the role of estrogen in bone metabolisms.
Revisiting the neural role of estrogen receptor beta in male sexual behavior by conditional mutagenesis
