The effects of temperature and synaptic blockade in vitro on neurons of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca in the rat basal forebrain

1997 ◽  
Vol 746 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hays ◽  
Stephen Morairty ◽  
Ronald Szymusiak ◽  
Dennis McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals A lateral hypothalamus to basal forebrain neurocircuit promotes feeding by suppressing responses to anxiogenic environmental cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaav1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Cassidy ◽  
Yungang Lu ◽  
Madhavi Jere ◽  
Jin-Bin Tian ◽  
Yuanzhong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
External Signals

Animals must consider competing information before deciding to eat: internal signals indicating the desirability of food and external signals indicating the risk involved in eating within a particular environment. The behaviors driven by the former are manifestations of hunger, and the latter, anxiety. The connection between pathologic anxiety and reduced eating in conditions like typical depression and anorexia is well known. Conversely, anti-anxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines increase appetite. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the diagonal band of Broca (DBBGABA) are responsive to indications of risk and receive monosynaptic inhibitory input from lateral hypothalamus GABAergic neurons (LHGABA). Activation of this circuit reduces anxiety and causes indiscriminate feeding. We also found that diazepam rapidly reduces DBBGABA activity while inducing indiscriminate feeding. Our study reveals that the LHGABA→DBBGABA neurocircuit overrides anxiogenic environmental cues to allow feeding and that this pathway may underlie the link between eating and anxiety-related disorders.

Identification of barosensitive neurons in the mediobasal forebrain using juxtacellular labeling

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. R1766-R1771
Author(s):  
Gilbert J. Kirouac ◽  
Quentin J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Dendritic Morphology ◽  
Olfactory Tubercle ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Acute Changes

Previous investigations suggest a possible role in cardiovascular regulation for neurons of the mediobasal forebrain. The present study was designed to determine the location and morphology of basal forebrain neurons that respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure. Extracellular recordings of single units were done in α-chloralose- or urethan-anesthetized rats. The effect of cardiovascular pressor (phenylephrine, 1–2 μg/kg iv) and depressor (sodium nitroprusside, 0.5–1 μg/kg iv) events on the discharge rates of units was determined. Some of the neurons tested were subsequently filled with biocytin using the juxtacellular method. Brain sections were processed using the avidin-biotin complex reaction to reveal a Golgi-like appearance of the neuron. Of 32 neurons located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (hDB), 13 (41%) were found to be excited by depressor events. Barosensitive biocytin-labeled cells were located in all regions of the hDB and had small- to medium-sized cell bodies with sparse and simple dendritic morphology. Only 2 of 47 neurons tested in the region of the olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja (IC), and ventral pallidum responded to changes in arterial blood pressure. The results of the present investigation suggest a role in the regulation of cardiovascular function for neurons of the hDB. The findings also suggest that most neurons in the olfactory tubercle, including the IC complex, do not respond to acute changes in arterial blood pressure.

scholarly journals The diagonal band of broca continually regulates olfactory-mediated behaviors by modulating odor-evoked responses within the olfactory bulb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Schwarz ◽  
Monika Müller ◽  
Irina Pavlova ◽  
Jens Schweihoff ◽  
Fabrizio Musacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Interneuron Activity

AbstractSensory perception is modulated in a top-down fashion by higher brain regions to regulate the strength of its own input resulting in the adaptation of behavioral responses. In olfactory perception, the horizontal diagonal band of broca (HDB), embedded in the basal forebrain modulates olfactory information processing by recruiting olfactory bulb (OB) interneuron activity to shape excitatory OB output. Currently, little is known about how specific HDB to OB top down signaling affects complex olfactory-mediated behaviors. Here we show that the olfactory bulb is strongly and differentially innervated by HDB projections. HDB-silencing via tetanus toxin lead to reduced odor-evoked Ca2+-responses in glomeruli of the main OB, underscoring the HDB’s role in odor response modulation. Furthermore, selective, light-mediated silencing of only HDB to OB afferents completely prevented olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination behaviors. Notably, also social habituation and discrimination behaviors were affected. Here we provide evidence for a novel tri-synaptic paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-HDB-OB axis responsible for modulating these types of behavior. Thus, HDB to OB projections constitute a central top-down pathway for olfactory-mediated habituation and discrimination.

scholarly journals Top-down acetylcholine enables social discrimination via unlocking action potential generation in olfactory bulb vasopressin cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Suyama ◽  
Veronica Egger ◽  
Michael Lukas
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Potential Generation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
First Time

AbstractSocial discrimination in rats requires activation of the intrinsic bulbar vasopressin system, but it is unclear how this system comes into operation. Here we show that a higher number of bulbar vasopressin cells (VPC) is activated by stimulation with a conspecific compared to rat urine, indicating that VPC activation depends on more than olfactory cues during social interaction. In-vitro slice electrophysiology combined with pharmacology and immunohistochemistry then demonstrated that centrifugal cholinergic inputs from the diagonal band of Broca can enable olfactory nerve-evoked action potentials in VPCs via muscarinic neuromodulation. Finally, such muscarinic activation of the vasopressin system is essential for vasopressin-dependent social discrimination, since recognition of a known rat could be blocked by a muscarinic antagonist and rescued by additional application of vasopressin. For the first time, we demonstrated that top-down cholinergic modulation of bulbar VPC activity in a social context is crucial for individual social discrimination in rats.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Total Number of Cholinergic Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor-α in the Rat Basal Forebrain

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta A. Miettinen ◽  
Giedrius Kalesnykas ◽  
Esa H. Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Double Immunostaining ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca

This study was undertaken to estimate the total number of cholinergic cells and the percentage of cholinergic cells that contain estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in the rat basal forebrain. Double immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and ERα was carried out on 50-μm-thick free-floating sections. Because routine mounting method causes considerable flattening of the sections, we embedded immunostained sections in Durcupan, an epoxy resin known to cause virtually no shrinkage. When this procedure was used the section thickness was well preserved, individual cells could be clearly identified, and subcellular localization of ERα immunoreactivity was easy to verify. Cell counting in these sections revealed that the rat basal forebrain contains 26,390 ± 1097 (mean ± SEM) cholinergic neurons. This comprises 9674 ± 504 in the medial septum-vertical diagonal band of Broca, 9403 ± 484 in the horizontal diagonal band of Broca, and 7312 ± 281 in the nucleus basalis. In these nuclei, 60%, 46%, and 14% of the cholinergic neurons were colocalized with ERα, respectively. We believe that our results are an improvement on existing data because of the better distinction of individual neurons that the Durcupan embedding method brings.

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