Neuroprotective electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus attenuates expression of periinfarction depolarizing waves (PIDs) and inhibits cortical spreading depression

Electrical stimulation of the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr) alters respiration via activation of local neurons. We hypothesized that this FNr-mediated respiratory response was dependent on the integrity of the nucleus gigantocellularis of the medulla (NGC). Electrical stimulation of the FNr in 15 anesthetized and tracheotomized spontaneously breathing rats significantly altered ventilation by 35.2 ± 11.0% ( P < 0.01) with the major effect being excitatory (78%). This respiratory response did not significantly differ from control after lesions of the NGC via bilateral microinjection of kainic or ibotenic acid (4.5 ± 1.9%; P > 0.05) but persisted in sham controls. Eight other rats, in which horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution was previously microinjected into the left NGC, served as nonstimulation controls or were exposed to either 15-min repeated electrical stimulation of the right FNr or hypercapnia for 90 min. Histochemical and immunocytochemical data showed that the right FNr contained clustered HRP-labeled neurons, most of which were double labeled with c-Fos immunoreactivity in both electrically and CO2-stimulated rats. We conclude that the NGC receives monosynaptic FNr inputs and is required for fully expressing FNr-mediated respiratory responses.

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Lasting accelerative effects of 1 Hz and 20 Hz electrical stimulation on cortical spreading depression: relevance for clinical applications of brain stimulation

European Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04064.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2278-2284 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Felipe Fregni ◽

Katia K. Monte-Silva ◽

Manuella B. Oliveira ◽

Steven D. Freedman ◽

Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Cortical Spreading Depression ◽

Spreading Depression ◽

Clinical Applications

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Cortical Spreading Depression Does Not Result in the Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide into the External Jugular Vein of the Cat: Relevance to Human Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1303180.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 180-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Richard D Piper ◽

Lars Edvinsson ◽

Rolf Ekman ◽

Geoffrey A Lambert

Keyword(s):

Migraine With Aura ◽

Cortical Spreading Depression ◽

Spreading Depression ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Related Peptide ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

Vasoactive Peptide ◽

Stimulation Of

There is circumstantial evidence that cortical spreading depression (SD) may account for the scotoma and the “spreading cortical oligemia” seen during migraine with aura. It has been shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is increased in blood taken from the external jugular vein (EJV) in humans during migraine and after stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion. To test the hypothesis that cortical SD may elevate the concentration of this vasoactive peptide in the EJV during migraine, we have measured its concentration in the external jugular vein of cats during cortical SD. This study demonstrates that SD has no effect on the concentration of CGRP either during the passage of a wave of spreading depression across the cortex or, 60 min later, during the period of post-SD cortical oligemia.

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Eating elicited by spreading depression or electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and neocortex: a common cause

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(74)90363-1 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Joseph P. Huston ◽

Bert Siegfried ◽

Kurt Ornstein ◽

Peter G. Waser ◽

Alexander A. Borbe´ly

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Spreading Depression ◽

Common Cause ◽

Stimulation Of

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Axons of passage may be responsible for fastigial nucleus pressor response

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.r1436 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (6) ◽

pp. R1436-R1440

Author(s):

R. T. Henry ◽

J. D. Connor

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Kainic Acid ◽

Pulse Width ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Fastigial Nucleus ◽

Postural Asymmetry ◽

Bilateral Destruction ◽

Stimulation Of

Bilateral destruction of perikarya in the fastigial nucleus (FN) of the rat with the cytotoxic agent kainic acid (0.5 mg) did not alter the blood pressure (BP) increases observed during monopolar electrical stimulation (100 microA, 50 Hz, 0.5-ms pulse width) of this region. BP increases in control animals were 30 +/- 8 mm Hg, whereas BP increased 30 +/- 7 mmHg in kainic acid-lesioned rats. Furthermore, picrotoxin (100 ng) and muscimol (25 ng) microinjected unilaterally into the FN of conscious, unrestrained rats produced postural asymmetry but no change in BP or heart rate. These data suggest that the FN pressor response may be due, at least in part, to stimulation of axons of passage.

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