Aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome who achieve regular menstrual cycles have a smaller follicle cohort than those who continue to have irregular cycles

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and heterogeneous dysfunction, characterized by chronic anovulation and androgen excess, affecting 6-10% of women of childbearing age. It is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. It seems that the key element in the pathophysiology of PCOS is increased insulin resistance. The correction of infertility in teens is not a priority. They can receive treatment to normalize menstrual cycles, with the reduction of symptoms and improvement of metabolic disorders. Many overweight teens have increased insulinemia, which may play a role in the development of PCOS. Standard treatment is oral estroprogestative, used to perform regular menstrual cycles. Normalize menstrual cycles can be done with oral contraceptives or oral antidiabetic agents that improve metabolic dysfunctions. An adjuvant approach of the utmost importance for teens is lifestyle modification and diet. Teen treatment should be individualized depending on a number of peculiarities that have to be taken into account: menstruation disorders, mastopathies and ovarian dystrophies, hyperandrogenism syndrome, sexually transmitted diseases and other associated disorders. In obese women with PCOS, weight loss improves hyperandrogenism, reduces metabolic disturbances, reduces insulin resistance and insulinemia, improves fertility rate, stimulates ovulation.

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Effects of calcium-vitamin D and metformin on the menstrual cycle and ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 1442

Author(s):

Gowthami Mummalaneni ◽

Krishna Kumari Myneni

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Treated Group ◽

Open Label ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Menstrual Cycles ◽

Follicular Response

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous hormonal disorder of reproductive aged women characterized by chronic anovulation, irregular menstrual cycles and hyperandrogenism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin and calcium-vitamin D on follicular maturation and regularity of menstrual cycles in patients with PCOS.Methods: A prospective, open-label, multiple arms, randomized clinical trial. Group 1 participants received 1,000 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D per day, orally, group 2 participants received 1,500 mg of metformin per day, orally and group 3 participants received combination of above drugs. The patients were treated for 3 months and followed up for a further 3 months. Menses regularity, number of dominant follicles (≥14 mm) and pregnancy rates were compared among the three groups.Results: A total of sixty infertile women with PCOS were recruited. Calcium-vitamin D plus metformin treated patients showed highest percentage improvement (50%) menstrual regularity as compared to other two groups (p<0.001) also showed significant follicular response (p<0.014). Calcium-vitamin D plus metformin treated group showed better follicular response in the second and third month of follow-up and 30% of women showed high quality dominant large (≥14 mm) follicles at the end of follow-up period.Conclusions: Calcium-vitamin D plus metformin combination is more effective in terms of follicle maturation and restoring menstrual disturbances as compared to individual drug treatment.

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Effects of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling on Restoration of Menstrual Cycles, Hormonal Profiles and Pregnancy Rate in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10547 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Menstrual Cycles ◽

Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling ◽

Hormonal Profiles ◽

Ovarian Drilling

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Effects of Metformin and Exercise in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1666-8979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 738-745

Author(s):

Yu Song ◽

Huimin Wang ◽

Zhengyan Zhu ◽

Hongli Huang

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Menstrual Cycles ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Metformin is introduced for treatment of women with PCOS, and the beneficial effects of exercise in women with PCOS are found for a range of outcomes. Our aim is to compare the effects of metformin plus exercise with exercise intervention in PCOS on clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and psychological parameters. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for studies. Nine studies were considered eligible for inclusion. The meta-analysis reveals that metformin offers additive benefits to exercise, leading to modest improvements in menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and abdominal fat.

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Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161116666180828154006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 579-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eleni Armeni ◽

Irene Lambrinoudaki

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Female Population ◽

Previous Diagnosis ◽

Aging Women

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women of reproductive age. The hormonal alterations of PCOS have been linked with a higher risk of metabolic disturbances in young, reproductively active women. However, it remains to be clarified whether the presence of PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Aging ameliorates the clinical manifestations of PCOS; hyperandrogenaemia and metabolic abnormalities, however, persist beyond the menopause. On the other hand, aging and menopause increase CVD risk in the general female population. The results of the limited available studies in aging women with a previous diagnosis of PCOS demonstrate early atherosclerosis. However, studies addressing clinical CVD outcomes in women with PCOS report inconsistent findings. A possible explanation for this heterogeneity is the difficulty in diagnosing PCOS after the menopausal transition, due to the absence of validated diagnostic criteria for this population. Larger prospective studies of women diagnosed during their reproductive years will shed more light on the longer-term CVD implications of PCOS.

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