Draft eec method for the determination of the global migration of plastics constituents into fatty-food simulants: Applicability to lacquers, plastics and laminates

Dynamic electrical thermal analysis (DETA) is considered as a valuable technique for determination of polar polymer structure or changes in the polymer structure as a result of different treatments. Therefore, with this study, we wanted to check whether this technique can indicate structural changes in the PET packaging material in contact with specific media. Positive response give the opportunity to use the study of PET packaging dielectric properties after a programmed contact with some medium, to indicate possible interactions between packaging material and the medium, or packaging and foodstuff. It is also known that official simulants may have some drawbacks as migration of the potential contaminants depends on the interaction between the simulant and packaging and thus the values for measured migration could be exaggerated or too low.The possibility of DETA to indicate structural changes in the packaging material give also the opportunity to adjust the aggressiveness of some medium to the packaging, that is, some solvent, or mixture of solvents with different polarity, and thus to choose the most appropriate simulant – medium which will behave in the same way as the foodstuff.In this study we have chosen several conventional fatty food simulants: olive oil, isooctane, 3% acetic acid, and ethanol, and using the DET analysis we compared the influence of these media and the real foodstuff (mayonnaise) on the structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) food containers.

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Testing for Compliance with Migration Limits: Determination of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-Dihydroxybenzenes in Food-Simulating Solvents by Liquid Chromatography

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/79.3.746 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 746-750

Author(s):

Mark R Philo ◽

Sue M Jickells ◽

Laurence Castle

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Quantitative Determination ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Uv Detection ◽

Commercial Sample ◽

Limits Of Detection ◽

Food Simulants ◽

Fatty Food ◽

And Migration

Abstract A method, intended for regulatory purposes, for quantitative determination of the plastics monomers 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene in foodsimulating solvents is described. Liquid chromatography is used with UV detection and 2-methyl- 1,3-dihydroxybenzene as internal standard. Repeatability, stability, and migration tests were conducted. The limits of detection were in the range 0.03–0.40 mg/kg for the 3 phenols in aqueous and fatty food simulants. Relative repeatability standard deviations at migration limits of 6,2.4, and 0.6 mg/kg for 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, respectively, ranged from 0.8 to 4.8% for the food simulants tested. A commercial sample of polyetherketone made from 1,4-dihydroxybenzene was tested with the method. No polymer-derived interferences were found. The method is thus suitable for testing against migration limits for the 3 monomers.

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Determination of Paraffins in Food Simulants and Packaging Materials by Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Mass Detection and Identification of Paraffin Type by Liquid Chromatography/Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/83.2.311 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jesús Simal-Gándara ◽

Miguel Sarria-Vidal ◽

Rinus Rijk

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Mass Detection ◽

Contact Materials ◽

Food Contact Materials ◽

Food Contact ◽

Food Simulants ◽

Fatty Food

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method with evaporative mass detection (EMD) is described for the determination of paraffins in food contact materials that do not contain polyolefin oligomers, or paraffins migrating from these materials into fatty food simulants or certain simple foods. A normal-phase column operating at maximum column efficiency separates nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components, and EMD is used to quantitate the paraffins. An on-line qualitative method that uses liquid chromatography/gas chromatography with flame ionization detection discriminates between paraffin waxes and oils in food contact materials, food simulants, and certain simple foods; a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric qualitative method also discriminates between waxes and oils, but is usually restricted to food contact materials that do not contain polyolefins and to migration experiments with organic solvents as fatty food simulants (with some other fatty food simulants, paraffin type must then be identified in the food contact material).

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Global and Specific Migration of Antioxidants from Polypropylene Films into Food Simulants

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-61.8.1000 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1000-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

JOSÉ A. GARDE ◽

RAMÓN CATALÁ ◽

RAFAEL GAVARA

Keyword(s):

Film Thickness ◽

Global Migration ◽

Food Simulants ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Fatty Food ◽

Migration Analysis ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Temperature Time ◽

Term Storage

Global migration and specific migration of antioxidants (AOs)—Irgafos 168 [tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite], Irganox 1076 [octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionate], and Hostanox SE2 (disteary thiodipropionate)—from polypropylene (PP) films into food simulants (water, 3% acetic acid, 95% ethanol, olive oil, and heptane) were studied. Films (50, 100, and 200 μm thick) were exposed to simulants at temperature-time conditions simulating migration under retorting and long-term storage. Global migration into aqueous simulants was independent of film thickness and conditions of exposure, so it seems as if the migration process was limited to the dissolution of migrants on the contacting surface. Global migration to fatty food simulants was dependent on simulant, conditions of exposure, and in some cases film thickness. Specific AO migration was analyzed from dry residues obtained from global migration analysis. Migration of AOs into aqueous simulants was below the detection limit (0.01 mg/dm2). Migration into fatty food simulants was dependent on the simulant. The extractive power of simulants was similar to that observed in global migration studies. Specific migration into heptane was independent of the polymer mass, though dependent on the thickness. Migration into ethanol was dependent on both mass and thickness. A theoretical discussion about the controversial effect of thickness on migration results, based on the kinetics of the process, is presented.

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