A comparison of the maximal endurance of normal children and patients with congenital cardiac disease

AbstractA complication is an event or occurrence that is associated with a disease or a healthcare intervention, is a departure from the desired course of events, and may cause, or be associated with, suboptimal outcome. A complication does not necessarily represent a breech in the standard of care that constitutes medical negligence or medical malpractice. An operative or procedural complication is any complication, regardless of cause, occurring (1) within 30 days after surgery or intervention in or out of the hospital, or (2) after 30 days during the same hospitalization subsequent to the operation or intervention. Operative and procedural complications include both intraoperative/intraprocedural complications and postoperative/postprocedural complications in this time interval.The MultiSocietal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease has set forth a comprehensive list of complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease, related to cardiac, pulmonary, renal, haematological, infectious, neurological, gastrointestinal, and endocrinal systems, as well as those related to the management of anaesthesia and perfusion, and the transplantation of thoracic organs. The objective of this manuscript is to examine the definitions of operative morbidity as they relate specifically to the endocrine system. These specific definitions and terms will be used to track morbidity associated with surgical and transcatheter interventions and other forms of therapy in a common language across many separate databases.As surgical survival in children with congenital cardiac disease has improved in recent years, focus has necessarily shifted to reducing the morbidity of congenital cardiac malformations and their treatment. A comprehensive list of endocrinal complications is presented. This list is a component of a systems-based compendium of complications that will standardize terminology and thereby allow the study and quantification of morbidity in patients with congenital cardiac malformations. Clinicians caring for patients with congenital cardiac disease will be able to use this list for databases, initiatives to improve quality, reporting of complications, and comparing strategies of treatment.

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Impact on parents of feeding young children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951100008842 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 574-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christine Imms

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Disease ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mood State ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Negative Mood State ◽

Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽

Culturally Based ◽

Emerging Themes

AbstractFeeding an infant is an interactive process that facilitates social, emotional and culturally based skills. Children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease frequently require supportive regimes with regard to feeding so as to maintain weight, resulting in altered experiences for both the child and family. This study evaluated the practical, emotional and social ramifications for parents, of having a child with cardiac disease who also experienced difficulties with oral feeding. The study sampled three groups of parents who had children less than 3 years of age: those with cardiac disease who had difficulty in feeding, those with cardiac disease and no such difficulty, and those with no medical diagnosis. Parents completed a questionnaire about feeding, a time diary of activities involved in feeding, and Tuckman's Mood Thermometers, which measure anger and ‘poorness-of-mood’ associated with feeding the identified child. Parents of children with cardiac disease and a feeding difficulty reported a significantly more negative mood-state, and significantly longer time associated with feeding, than parents of children in the other two groups. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis of the data suggested that having a child with congenital cardiac disease producing difficulty in feeding had a strong negative impact on the whole family.

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Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Normal Children Suspected of Having Cardiac Disease

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi38.3-4.1998.85-90 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3-4) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽

Nuraini Irma Susanti

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Cardiac Disease ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Normal Children ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Cardiology Department ◽

Referring Physicians ◽

Rheumatic Heart

The definite diagnosis of cardiac disease in infants and children usuallycannot be made on the clinical evidence alone; in most instances supportingexaminations are required. lt is understandable, therefore, that non-cardiologists might suggest that normal subjects are thought to have cardiac problems; the reverse is also true: infants and children with cardiac disease may be ignored. This study aimed to examine the clinical and laboratory findings of normal infants and children who were initially suspected to have cardiac disease. Of 3601 patients referred to our OPD of the Division of Cardiology, Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia, from January 1983 to December 1992; in 1782 patient (49.5%) no cardiovascular problems were detected. Most of them (66.2%) were of the age of less than 1 month. Most of the referring physicians (66.3%) were general practitioners. The referring diagnoses were congenital heart disease (286), cardiomegaly (197), rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease (110), and syndromes with cardiac involvement (104). The diagnoses were based on dyspnea, cyanosis on crying, chest pain, joint pains, and easy fatiguability. Murmurs found on examination were systolic in 355 patients (19. 9%), and continuous in 6 patients (0,33%). No diastolic murmurs were noted. The final diagnoses were normal (including innocent murmurs and sinus arrhythmias) in 85.8%, mild cardiomegaly in 10.4%., breath holding spells in 2.0%, sinus tachycardia in 0.9%, polyarthritis in 0.2% and other in 0.7% of all cases. More practice in cardiac physical examination is needed for medical students to reduce the unnecessary referrals.

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Book Review: Congenital Cardiac Disease

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/003591576205501149 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 995-995

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Disease ◽

Congenital Cardiac Disease

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Infection and white matter injury in infants with congenital cardiac disease

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951111000473 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 562-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hannah C. Glass ◽

Chelsea Bowman ◽

Vann Chau ◽

Alisha Moosa ◽

Adam L. Hersh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

White Matter ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Cardiac Disease ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

White Matter Injury ◽

Term Infants ◽

Established Risk Factor ◽

Congenital Cardiac Disease

AbstractMore than 60% of newborns with severe congenital cardiac disease develop perioperative brain injuries. Known risk factors include: pre-operative hypoxemia, cardiopulmonary bypass characteristics, and post-operative hypotension. Infection is an established risk factor for white matter injury in premature newborns. In this study, we examined term infants with congenital cardiac disease requiring surgical repair to determine whether infection is associated with white matter injury. Acquired infection was specified by site – bloodstream, pneumonia, or surgical site infection – according to strict definitions. Infection was present in 23 of 127 infants. Pre- and post-operative imaging was evaluated for acquired injury by a paediatric neuroradiologist. Overall, there was no difference in newly acquired post-operative white matter injury in infants with infection (30%), compared to those without (31%). When stratified by anatomy, infants with transposition of the great arteries, and bloodstream infection had an estimated doubling of risk of white matter injury that was not significant, whereas those with single ventricle anatomy had no apparent added risk. When considering only infants without stroke, the estimated association was higher, and became significant after adjusting for duration of inotrope therapy. In this study, nosocomial infection was not associated with white matter injury. Nonetheless, when controlling for risk factors, there was an association between bloodstream infection and white matter injury in selected sub-populations. Infection prevention may have the potential to mitigate long-term neurologic impairment as a consequence of white matter injury, which underscores the importance of attention to infection control for these patients.

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