Facilitation of Rolling in a Child with Athetoid Cerebral Palsy — A single-subject design

Abstract Background and Purpose. People with spastic cerebral palsy often receive passive stretching that is intended to maintain or increase joint passive range of motion (PROM) even though the effectiveness of these exercises has not been definitively demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PROM exercises on 6 adults with spastic quadriplegia and contractures. Participants. Four men and 2 women (X̄=31 years of age, range=20–44 years) who lived in an institution for people with mental retardation participated in the study. Methods. The authors used 2 multiple baseline designs. Three participants (group 1) received lower-extremity PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were discontinued during phase B. Three participants (group 2) did not receive PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were initiated during phase B. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and the C statistic. Results. Results varied with the method of analysis; however, phase A and phase B measurements, overall, did not differ for either group. Discussion and Conclusion. This study demonstrated use of a single-subject design to measure the effect of PROM exercises on adults with cerebral palsy. The authors concluded that the PROM exercise protocol did not have an effect on the lower-extremity goniometric measurements of the participants.

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The effects of repeated speech training using speech cues on the percentage of correct consonants and speech intelligibility in children with cerebral palsy: A single-subject design research

Phonetics and Speech Sciences ◽

10.13064/ksss.2021.13.3.079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Saehee Seo ◽

Pilyeon Jeong ◽

Hyunsub Sim

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Design Research ◽

Single Subject ◽

Single Subject Design ◽

Subject Design ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Speech Cues ◽

Speech Training

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Use of Virtual Reality to Improve Upper-Extremity Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20060062 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (11) ◽

pp. 1441-1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Yu-Ping Chen ◽

Lin-Ju Kang ◽

Tien-Yow Chuang ◽

Ji-Liang Doong ◽

Shwn-Jan Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Training Program ◽

Single Subject ◽

Single Subject Design ◽

Subject Design ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Vr Training ◽

Normal Cognition

Background and Purpose Virtual reality (VR) creates an exercise environment in which the intensity of practice and positive feedback can be systematically manipulated in various contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the training effects of a VR intervention on reaching behaviors in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants Four children with spastic CP were recruited. Method A single-subject design (A-B with follow-up) was used. All children were evaluated with 3 baseline, 4 intervention, and 2 follow-up measures. A 4-week individualized VR training program (2 hours per week) with 2 VR systems was applied to all children. The outcome measures included 4 kinematic parameters (movement time, path length, peak velocity, and number of movement units) for mail-delivery activities in 3 directions (neutral, outward, and inward) and the Fine Motor Domain of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS-2). Visual inspection and the 2-standard-deviation–band method were used to compare the outcome measures. Results Three children who had normal cognition showed improvements in some aspects of reaching kinematics, and 2 children’s change scores on the PDMS-2 reached the minimal detectable change during the intervention. The improvements in kinematics were partially maintained during follow-up. Discussion and Conclusion A 4-week individualized VR training program appeared to improve the quality of reaching in children with CP, especially in children with normal cognition and good cooperation. The training effects were retained in some children after the intervention.

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Intensive Training with Virtual Reality on Mobility in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy—Single Subject Design

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph181910455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (19) ◽

pp. 10455

Author(s):

Elisa Valenzuela ◽

Renata Rosa ◽

Carlos Monteiro ◽

Leslie Keniston ◽

Kênnea Ayupe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Single Subject ◽

Single Subject Design ◽

Short Term ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Intensive Training ◽

Subject Design ◽

Level Ii ◽

Gmfcs Level

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a short-term intensive virtual reality intervention in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Single-subject design, type A–B-follow-up, with four participants (P) with CP, 15–18 years, GMFCS level II. A two-week intervention phase was performed with twelve Nintendo® Wii games in six sessions (90 min) per week. Outcome variables were semi-static balance (Pressure Center Oscillation—PCO), gait speed (Ten Meter Walk Test at usual speed—TMWT-U; and fast speed—TMWT-F), mobility (Timed Up and Go test—TUG), endurance (sit-to-stand test 5 times—STS-5), and gross motor activity (Gross Motor Function Measure—GMFM). Results: Statistical improvements were observed in GMFM-D (P2–P3), TMWT-F (P2–P3–P4) and TMWT-U (P2), STS-5 (P3–P4), TUG (P3), and PCO (P2–P3), assessed by level, trend, latency, and visual inspection to analyze change. Conclusions: This study shows that a short-term intensive intervention using Nintendo® Wii-based games in adolescents, GMFCS level II, can be an effective therapy, leading to some recovery of functioning in these young people.

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