scholarly journals Effect of Passive Range of Motion Exercises on Lower-Extremity Goniometric Measurements of Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri L Cadenhead ◽  
Irene R McEwen ◽  
David M Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Goniometric Measurements

Abstract Background and Purpose. People with spastic cerebral palsy often receive passive stretching that is intended to maintain or increase joint passive range of motion (PROM) even though the effectiveness of these exercises has not been definitively demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PROM exercises on 6 adults with spastic quadriplegia and contractures. Participants. Four men and 2 women (X̄=31 years of age, range=20–44 years) who lived in an institution for people with mental retardation participated in the study. Methods. The authors used 2 multiple baseline designs. Three participants (group 1) received lower-extremity PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were discontinued during phase B. Three participants (group 2) did not receive PROM exercises during phase A; PROM exercises were initiated during phase B. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and the C statistic. Results. Results varied with the method of analysis; however, phase A and phase B measurements, overall, did not differ for either group. Discussion and Conclusion. This study demonstrated use of a single-subject design to measure the effect of PROM exercises on adults with cerebral palsy. The authors concluded that the PROM exercise protocol did not have an effect on the lower-extremity goniometric measurements of the participants.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TASK-CENTERED PADA RESPONDEN YANG MEMILIKI GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN SKIZOAFEKTIF, POST-PARTUM PSYCHOSIS DAN BABYBLUES SYNDROME DI KOTA BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design

Abstract Task-Centered Models include Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Task-Centered Therapy begins with light Cognitive Therapy  focuses on thoughts, next Behavioral Therapy focus on act and reward application. Behavioural therapy also as a preface into task-centered therapy as conditioning. Comorbid symptoms of anxiety, aggression, and depression are target of changes. Using methods of action research, with Single Subject Design with pattern model of A-B at one baseline period (control) and two intervention period (treatments phase). The purpose of this study is to proof main hypothesis H1 = Task-Centered Models can reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of  respondent Y or H0 = Task-Centered Models can not reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of respondent Y. Related with research setting, qualitative analysis of the research subjects should also be included. Hypothesis is tested by using the formula of 2 standard deviation (2 SD), visual analysis within and between conditions. Test result shows that the entire hypothesis is accepted  with  and fulfill criterias of visual analysis significant. Its concluded that intervention effectiveness define by motivation, participation and discipline,parent commitment is vital for therapy that demands action and consistency, maintaining cognitive of respondent are essential for reducing stressors of recurrence through recreational activity and positive emotion building.Key words: Psychiatric Social Worker, Psychiatric Disorder, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Task- Centered TherapyAbstrak Model Task-Centered meliputi Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) dan Terapi Berpusat Tugas (Task-Centered), dimulai oleh Terapi Kognitif ringan yang fokus pada pikiran, kemudian Terapi Behavioral fokus pada kegiatan (tindakan) tujuan dan penentuan bentuk imbalan (rewards). Terapi Behavioural menjadi pengantar terapi berpusat-tugas yang bersifat conditioning. Gejala penyerta anxiety (kegelisahan), aggression (agresifitas), dan depression (depresi) merupakan target perubahan. Pilihan metode penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan Desain Subjek Tunggal (Single Subject Design) dengan pola A-B dalam satu periode baseline (kontrol) dan dua periode intervensi (treatment phase). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hipotesis utama; H1= task-centered model dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y atau H0= task-centered model tidak dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y. Berkaitan dengan setting penelitian, penjelasan kualitatif cukup penting untuk dilakukan. Secara kuantitatif, pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus 2 standard deviation (2 SD) dan analisis visual dalam kondisi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diperoleh hasil bahwa hipotesis diterima ( ) dan memenuhi kriteria signifikansi dalam analisis visual. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah efektifitas intervensi ditentukan motivasi, peran serta dan tingkat kedisiplinan, komitmen orangtua penting dalam terapi yang menuntut aksi dan konsistensi responden, penekanan kognitif responden menurunkan stressor kekambuhan melalui kegiatan rekreatif dan positive emotion building.Kata kunci: Pekerja Sosial Medis Setting Kesehatan Mental, Gangguan Kejiwaan, Terapi Kognitif-Behavior, Terapi Berpusat Tugas

scholarly journals Layanan Penguasaan Konten Dengan Teknik Sosial Modeling Untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Off Task Peserta Didik

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Martina Rohama ◽  
Esty Aryani Safithry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Content Mastery ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Social Modelling ◽  
Academic Year

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of content mastery services with social modelling techniques to reduce off-task behaviour of Islamic students. The design of this study uses Single Subject Design (SSD) with multiple large cross variables. The subjects in this study were 5 class II MI HIdayatul students in the 2015/2016 academic year indicated as students who were off task behaving tending to be high and moderate, each of which was identified from the rubric of freedom of observation, intervention, and experimental control. Data analysis uses visual analysis by paying attention to changes in levels and trends.

scholarly journals Intrathecal baclofen infusion and subsequent orthopedic surgery in patients with spastic cerebral palsy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. E7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gerszten ◽  
A. Leland Albright ◽  
Graham F. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Orthopedic Operation ◽  
The Mean

Intrathecal baclofen infusion (IBI) is an effective treatment for spasticity secondary to cerebral palsy (CP). The authors retrospectively reviewed the need for orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities in 48 patients with spastic CP who were treated with IBI. Forty pumps were placed in patients suffering from spastic quadriplegia (84%) and eight (16%) in patients with spastic diplegia. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 43 years (mean 15 years). The mean follow-up period was 53 months (range 22-94 months). The mean baclofen dosage was 306 μg/day (range 25-1350 μg/day). At the time of pump placement, subsequent orthopedic surgery was planned in 28 patients (58%); however, only 10 (21%) underwent orthopedic surgery after IBI therapy. In all 10 cases, the surgical procedure was planned at the time of initial evaluation for IBI therapy. In the remaining 18 patients, who did not subsequently undergo their planned orthopedic operation, it was believed that their lower-extremity spasticity had improved to the degree that orthopedic intervention was no longer indicated. In addition, although six patients had undergone multiple orthopedic operations before their spasticity was treated, no patient required more than one orthopedic operation after IBI treatment for their spasticity. The authors conclude that IBI for treatment of spastic CP reduces the need for subsequent orthopedic surgery for the effects of lower-extremity spasticity. In patients with spastic CP and lower-extremity contractures, spasticity should be treated before orthopedic procedures are performed.

scholarly journals PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Anak ADHD (Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Virgian Ferda Sari ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukerti
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Picture Exchange Communication System ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

This research aimed to identify the effects of PECS on the social skills of a student with ADHD, who experienced delayed in communication and social interaction. This research used Single Subject Design, with A-B-A design as the research design. The data were presented using graphics and analyzed using visual analysis. The subject of this research was a first grader with ADHD in an Inclusive Elementary School.  The result of this research showed that there was an effect on the implementation of PECS on the social skill of a student with ADHD; the student’s tendency to refuse the invitation to play together with others decreased. Moreover, the implementation of PECS enabled the student to understand the kinds of social skills that could be done together through PECS’s interactive pictures. Furthermore, it was found that PECS could optimize the student’s communicative and cognitive aspects.

scholarly journals Use of Virtual Reality to Improve Upper-Extremity Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Chen ◽  
Lin-Ju Kang ◽  
Tien-Yow Chuang ◽  
Ji-Liang Doong ◽  
Shwn-Jan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
Normal Cognition

Background and Purpose Virtual reality (VR) creates an exercise environment in which the intensity of practice and positive feedback can be systematically manipulated in various contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the training effects of a VR intervention on reaching behaviors in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants Four children with spastic CP were recruited. Method A single-subject design (A-B with follow-up) was used. All children were evaluated with 3 baseline, 4 intervention, and 2 follow-up measures. A 4-week individualized VR training program (2 hours per week) with 2 VR systems was applied to all children. The outcome measures included 4 kinematic parameters (movement time, path length, peak velocity, and number of movement units) for mail-delivery activities in 3 directions (neutral, outward, and inward) and the Fine Motor Domain of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–Second Edition (PDMS-2). Visual inspection and the 2-standard-deviation–band method were used to compare the outcome measures. Results Three children who had normal cognition showed improvements in some aspects of reaching kinematics, and 2 children’s change scores on the PDMS-2 reached the minimal detectable change during the intervention. The improvements in kinematics were partially maintained during follow-up. Discussion and Conclusion A 4-week individualized VR training program appeared to improve the quality of reaching in children with CP, especially in children with normal cognition and good cooperation. The training effects were retained in some children after the intervention.

scholarly journals Weighted Blankets and Sleep Quality in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Subject Design

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Gee ◽  
Kimberly Lloyd ◽  
Jesse Sutton ◽  
Tyler McOmber
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Subject Design

The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of weighted blanket applications and sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorder and behavioral manifestations of sensory processing deficits. Two 4-year-old participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who also experienced sleep disturbances took part in a single-subject design study. Objective sleep measures and caregiver surveys were tracked for a baseline period of eight days, followed by a 14-day weighted blanket intervention and a seven-day withdrawal phase. Caregiver reports and objective data were evaluated using visual analysis and the percentage of non-overlapping data methods. The results suggest minimal changes in sleep patterns as a result of the weighted blanket intervention. The findings based on using a weighted blanket intervention were enhanced morning mood after night use and a significantly decreased time to fall asleep for participants, though they were not strong enough to recommend for clinical use. Future directions include single-subject and cohort-designed studies exploring the efficacy of weighted blankets with increasing sleep quality among children with autism.

scholarly journals Intensive Training with Virtual Reality on Mobility in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy—Single Subject Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10455
Author(s):  
Elisa Valenzuela ◽  
Renata Rosa ◽  
Carlos Monteiro ◽  
Leslie Keniston ◽  
Kênnea Ayupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a short-term intensive virtual reality intervention in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Single-subject design, type A–B-follow-up, with four participants (P) with CP, 15–18 years, GMFCS level II. A two-week intervention phase was performed with twelve Nintendo® Wii games in six sessions (90 min) per week. Outcome variables were semi-static balance (Pressure Center Oscillation—PCO), gait speed (Ten Meter Walk Test at usual speed—TMWT-U; and fast speed—TMWT-F), mobility (Timed Up and Go test—TUG), endurance (sit-to-stand test 5 times—STS-5), and gross motor activity (Gross Motor Function Measure—GMFM). Results: Statistical improvements were observed in GMFM-D (P2–P3), TMWT-F (P2–P3–P4) and TMWT-U (P2), STS-5 (P3–P4), TUG (P3), and PCO (P2–P3), assessed by level, trend, latency, and visual inspection to analyze change. Conclusions: This study shows that a short-term intensive intervention using Nintendo® Wii-based games in adolescents, GMFCS level II, can be an effective therapy, leading to some recovery of functioning in these young people.

Rigid versus soft foot orthoses. A single subject design

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Shock Attenuation ◽  
Female Runner ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
History Of

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of rigid and soft foot orthoses on forefoot and rearfoot forces in a 20-year-old female runner with a history of tibial and metatarsal stress fractures. The results of this study indicate that a soft orthosis significantly reduced vertical forces through the foot during both walking and running. The authors recommend that proper fabrication materials be considered for those patients with a history of foot or lower extremity problems caused by reduced shock attenuation.

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