Glass transition temperatures and rigid amorphous fraction of poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether imide) blends

Two new monomers, 4-chloro-1-(4′-fluoro-1-naphthoyl)naphthalene and 1,4-bis(4′-fluoro-1′-naphthoyl)benzene, have been synthesized and polymerized with four different bisphenols to give two series of the naphthalene-based poly(ether ketone)s that are analogous to commercial PEEK and PEEKK. The effect of the introduction of one or two 1,4-naphthylene moieties, in the backbone of the repeat unit, on the glass transition temperatures has been studied. The glass transition temperatures usually increased by 20–45 °C upon replacing one 1,4-phenylene with one 1,4-naphthylene moiety. All new poly (ether ketone)s prepared in tetramethylene sulfone were amorphous, with the glass transition temperatures in a range of 212–273 °C. The polymer produced from 1,4-bis(4′-fluoro-1′-naphthoyl)benzene and 1,4-hydroquinone in phenyl sulfone as a solvent at 300 °C showed semicrystalline properties with a melting temperature of 310 °C. Keywords: naphthalene, poly(ether ketone)s, synthesis, characterization, glass transition temperature.

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Glass transition and aging of the rigid amorphous fraction in polymorphic poly(butene-1)

Polymer ◽

10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123830 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123830

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Seif Eddine Fenni ◽

Zhe Ma ◽

Maria Cristina Righetti ◽

Daniele Cangialosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glass Transition ◽

Rigid Amorphous Fraction ◽

Amorphous Fraction ◽

Rigid Amorphous

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Modelling the Temperature Dependent Biaxial Response of Poly(ether-ether-ketone) Above and Below the Glass Transition for Thermoforming Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11061042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1042

Author(s):

Josh A. Turner ◽

Gary H. Menary ◽

Peter J. Martin ◽

Shiyong Yan

Keyword(s):

Glass Transition ◽

Deformation Behaviour ◽

Material Model ◽

Average Error ◽

Modern Material ◽

Ether Ether Ketone ◽

Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽

Principal Directions ◽

Forming Simulations ◽

Ether Ketone

Desire to accurately predict the deformation behaviour throughout industrial forming processes, such as thermoforming and stretch blow moulding, has led to the development of mathematical models of material behaviour, with the ultimate aim of embedding into forming simulations enabling process and product optimization. Through the use of modern material characterisation techniques, biaxial data obtained at conditions comparable to the thermoforming process was used to calibrate the Buckley material model to the observed non-linear viscoelastic stress/strain behaviour. The material model was modified to account for the inherent anisotropy observed between the principal directions through the inclusion of a Holazapfel–Gasser–Ogden hyperelastic element. Variations in the post-yield drop in stress values associated with deformation rate and specimen temperature below the glass transition were observable, and facilitated in the modified model through time-temperature superposition creating a linear relationship capable of accurately modelling this change in yield stress behaviour. The modelling of the region of observed flow stress noted when above the glass transition temperature was also facilitated through adoption of the same principal. Comparison of the material model prediction was in excellent agreement with experiments at strain rates and temperatures of 1–16 s−1 and 130–155 °C respectively, for equal-biaxial mode of deformation. Temperature dependency of the material model was well replicated with across the broad temperature range in principal directions, at the reference strain rate of 1 s−1. When concerning larger rates of deformation, minimum and maximum average error levels of 6.20% and 10.77% were noted. The formulation, and appropriate characterization, of the modified Buckley material model allows for a stable basis in which future implementation into representative forming simulations of poly-aryl-ether-ketones, poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) and many other post-yield anisotropic polymers.

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Synthesis and characterization of novel cyanofunctionalized poly(aryl ether ketone)s

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2009.9.1.997 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yunhe Zhang ◽

Dianfu Ren ◽

Shaowei Guan ◽

Ying Na ◽

Guibin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glass Transition ◽

Transition Temperatures ◽

Aryl Ether ◽

Excellent Thermal Stability ◽

Glass Transition Temperatures ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Flexible Films ◽

Aryl Ether Ketone ◽

Ether Ketone

AbstractA series of cyanophenyl-substituted poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) have been successfully synthesized from two new bisphenol monomers, (3,4- dicyano) phenylhydroquinone and (4-cyano) phenylhydroquinone respectively, and the thermal behaviour and the solubility have been characterized. These polymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures and excellent thermal stability. The glass transition temperatures ranged from 173 to 217 oC, and 5% weight-loss temperatures were above 470 oC. The solubilities of these polymers have been remarkably improved in common organic solvents over PEEK and PEN. Some polymers formed transparent, strong, and flexible films, with tensile strength of 106.5-125.2 MPa, Young’s moduli of 2.68-3.20 GPa, and elongations at break of 9- 16 %.

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