Avoidance response as a sublethal effect of pesticides on Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta)

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherin M. Slimak
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Sublethal Effect

Alkaline Dissociation Products of Lumbricus Terrestris Hemoglobin Viewed with the STEM

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
O. H. Kapp ◽  
M. Ohtsuki ◽  
N. Robin ◽  
S. N. Vinogradov ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Film ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Thin Carbon Film ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Hill Coefficients

Annelid extracellular hemoglobins are among the largest known proteins (M.W = 3.9 x 106), and together with the hemocyanins are the largest known oxygen carriers. They display oxygen affinities generally higher than those o vertebrate hemoglobins with Hill coefficients ranging from slightly higher than unity to values as high as 5-6. These complex molecules are composed of multiple copies of as many as six different polypeptides and posse: approximately 150 hemes per molecule.The samples were diluted to 100-200 μg/ml with distilled water just before application to a thin carbon film (∽15 Å thick). One percent (w/v) uranyl acetate solution was used for negative staining for 2 minutes and dried in air. The specimens were examined with the high resolution STEM. Their general appearance is that of a hexagonal bilayer (Fig. 1), each layer consisting of six spheroidal subunits. The corner to corner hexagonal dimensic is approximately 300 Å and the bilayer thickness approximately 200 Å.

Molecular Views of Ice-Embedded Lumbricus Terrestris Erythrocruorin Obtained By Invariant Classification

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
Michael schatz ◽  
Joachim Jäger ◽  
Marin van Heel
Keyword(s):  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Reference Images ◽  
Statistical Resolution

Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin is a giant oxygen-transporting macromolecule in the blood of the common earth worm (worm "hemoglobin"). In our current study, we use specimens (kindly provided by Drs W.E. Royer and W.A. Hendrickson) embedded in vitreous ice (1) to avoid artefacts encountered with the negative stain preparation technigue used in previous studies (2-4).Although the molecular structure is well preserved in vitreous ice, the low contrast and high noise level in the micrographs represent a serious problem in image interpretation. Moreover, the molecules can exhibit many different orientations relative to the object plane of the microscope in this type of preparation. Existing techniques of analysis requiring alignment of the molecular views relative to one or more reference images often thus yield unsatisfactory results.We use a new method in which first rotation-, translation- and mirror invariant functions (5) are derived from the large set of input images, which functions are subsequently classified automatically using multivariate statistical techniques (6). The different molecular views in the data set can therewith be found unbiasedly (5). Within each class, all images are aligned relative to that member of the class which contributes least to the classes′ internal variance (6). This reference image is thus the most typical member of the class. Finally the aligned images from each class are averaged resulting in molecular views with enhanced statistical resolution.

Acquisition and retention of a passive-avoidance response as a function of age in rats.

1971 ◽  
Vol 74 (1, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace J. Schulenburg ◽  
David C. Riccio ◽  
Edna R. Stikes
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Passive Avoidance Response

INFLUENCE OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL ON CONSERVATION OF CONDITIONAL REFLEX OF PASSIVE AVOIDANCE IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT NERRVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
A. V. Shvetsov ◽  
A. I. Vaido ◽  
N. A. Dyuzhikova ◽  
A. V. Belskaya ◽  
M. V. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Conditional Reflex ◽  
Passive Avoidance Response ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

A study of the dynamics of preservation of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance (passive avoidance response) in rats of two lines with different level of excitability of the nervous system was performed: with a high and low thresholds of excitability as normal and after exposure to sodium thiopental semi-lethal dose. It was shown that a long preservation of the memorable trace under standard conditions and a higher sensitivity to the sodium thiopental action manifest in rats with a high excitability threshold in comparison with low-excitable line of rats.

scholarly journals The reassociation of Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin dissociated at alkaline pH.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
O H Kapp ◽  
G Polidori ◽  
M G Mainwaring ◽  
A V Crewe ◽  
S N Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Alkaline Ph

scholarly journals Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Norazila Yusoff ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Nurul Wahida Othman ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Maizom Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

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