Electrical and optical characterizations by prism-coupling method of PZT deposited in-situ by sputtering

Vacuum ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dogheche ◽  
D. Remiens ◽  
G. Velu
2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
杨天新 Yang Tianxin ◽  
邹豪 Zou Hao ◽  
王雷 Wang Lei ◽  
李睿 Li Rui ◽  
王俊龙 Wang Junlong ◽  
...  

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Bataee ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Syahrir Ridha ◽  
Hamed Hematpour ◽  
Zakaria Hamdi

Summary Accurate evaluation of failure pressure is crucial in the design of injection wells. Besides, in-situ stresses play an important role in obtaining the results. Pressure and rock stresses are related together as the role of effective-stress theorem. In fact, pressure changes with stress alteration caused by change in porosity and permeability. Therefore, it should be obtained with the coupling method. Moreover, to calculate pressure, temperature, and stress in the fully coupling method, a huge matrix should be solved, and it takes long processing time to implement it. Therefore, this study developed a wellbore geomechanical model for stability during injection by use of the iterative coupling method. The processing speed was enhanced in this study because the parameters were calculated separately. The parameters of pressure, temperature, saturation, and stress were obtained for the multiphase-flow condition with numerical modeling. Furthermore, in this study, the finite-difference method (FDM) had been used to solve pressure, temperature, and saturation, whereas the finite-volume method (FVM) was applied to solve the wellbore stress. On top of that, the iterative coupling method was used to improve the accuracy of the stress results. As a result, a correction of approximately 20 psi (0.14 MPa) was noted for pressure in relation to stress, which is 1 psi (6.89 kPa). Moreover, the Drucker-Prager failure criterion was used to model the fracturing on the basis of the stress results. Other than that, sensitivity analysis on horizontal maximum (σH) and minimum (σh) stresses showed that by increasing σH, the maximum injection pressures to avoid fracturing had been reduced, whereas in the case for σh, an increment was observed.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Ming Wang ◽  
Hiu Hu ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Bo-Rong Shi ◽  
...  

An optically polished x-cut KTiOPO4 crystal of size 22×6×1.5mm3 was implanted with 2.8-MeV He ions to a dose of 1.5 × 1016 ions/cm2 at room temperature to form a waveguide. The prism coupling method was used to measure the modes and the fiber probe technique was used to measure the attenuation in the KTiOPO4 waveguide. The refractive index profile, nz, in the KTiOPO4 waveguide was given based on the procedure by Chandler and Lama [P.J. Chandler and F.L. Lama, Optica Acta 33, 123 (1986)]. The waveguide attenuation measured was 2.57 dB/cm for m = 1 mode. After annealing at 260 °C for 30 min, there was no obvious change in the KTiOPO4 waveguide attenuation.


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Zhuo ◽  
Edwin Yue Bun Pun ◽  
Sun Fat Wong ◽  
Ying Zhou

Planar waveguide was fabricated in Er:Yb:phosphate glass by a single energy implantation of 2.5 MeV He+ at a dose of 1.6 × 1016 ions/cm2. The waveguide was characterized by prism coupling method, and the refractive index profile was reconstructed using the inverse Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method. The photoluminescence was also measured. The energy loss was simulated, and the results were compared and discussed with respect to the refractive index profile in the waveguide.


2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Pan ◽  
Yuping Chen ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Xianfeng Chen ◽  
Qinghua Meng ◽  
...  

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