Mediation of epinephrine effects on memory processes by alpha- and beta-receptors

1975 ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Van Buskirk ◽  
P.E. Gold ◽  
J.L. Mcgaugh
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Beta Receptors

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

Phrase-Learning in Deaf and Hearing Subjects

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope B. Odom ◽  
Richard L. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
English Word ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Study Test ◽  
The Mean

Two groups each containing 24 deaf subjects were compared with 24 fifth graders and 24 twelfth graders with normal hearing on the learning of segments of written English. Eight subjects from each group learned phrasally defined segments such as “paid the tall lady,” eight more learned the same words in nonphrases having acceptable English word order such as “lady paid the tall,” and the remaining eight in each group learned the same words scrambled, “lady tall the paid.” The task consisted of 12 study-test trials. Analyses of the mean number of words recalled correctly and the probability of recalling the whole phrase correctly, given that one word of it was recalled, indicated that both ages of hearing subjects showed facilitation on the phrasally defined segments, interference on the scrambled segments. The deaf groups showed no differential recall as a function of phrasal structure. It was concluded that the deaf do not possess the same perceptual or memory processes with regard to English as do the hearing subjects.

The Relationship of Interrogative Suggestibility to Memory and Attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Howard ◽  
A. Chaiwutikornwanich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Irrelevant Distractors ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Visual Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Interrogative Suggestibility ◽  
Task Irrelevant

This study combined an individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility (IS) with ERP recordings to examine two alternative hypotheses regarding the source of individual differences in IS: (1) differences in attention to task-relevant vis-à-vis task-irrelevant stimuli, and (2) differences in one or more memory processes, indexed by ERP old/new effects. Sixty-five female participants underwent an ERP recording during the 50 min interval between immediate and delayed recall of a short story. ERPs elicited by pictures that either related to the story (“old”), or did not relate to the story (“new”), were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. ERP old/new effects were examined at selected scalp regions of interest at three post-stimulus intervals: early (250-350 ms), middle (350-700 ms), and late (700-1100 ms). In addition, attention-related ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) evoked by story-relevant pictures, story-irrelevant pictures, and irrelevant distractors were measured from midline electrodes. Late (700-1100 ms) frontal ERP old/new differences reflected individual differences in IS, while early (250-350 ms) and middle latency (350-700 ms) ERP old/new differences distinguished good from poor performers in memory and oddball tasks, respectively. Differences in IS were not reflected in ERP indices of attention. Results supported an account of IS as reflecting individual differences in postretrieval memory processes.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Animal Memory: Processes Not Paradigms

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Author(s):  
LEONARD E. JARRARD
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes

Working memory and offline memory processes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B. Albert ◽  
Sian L. Beilock ◽  
Kimberly M. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Processes

The significance of non-REM sleep for memory processes in elderly subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Albrecht ◽  
OP Hornung ◽  
F Regen ◽  
H Danker-Hopfe ◽  
M Schreqdl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Memory Processes

CATECHOLAMINE ANTAGONISM TO OXYTOCIN-INDUCED MILK-EJECTION

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S5-S38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmuth Vorherr
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Beta Receptor ◽  
Beta Receptors ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Blockers ◽  
Beta Receptor Blockade ◽  
Second Pain ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT In lactating rats and rabbits the mode of antagonism of sympathomimetics, angiotensin or pain toward oxytocin-induced milk-ejection was investigated. In rats intra-arterial (intrafemoral) doses of 0.01–0.02 μg or intravenous (iv) doses of 0.1–0.5 μg of either epinephrine, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, angiotensin or 10 μg of phenylephrine injected simultaneously with, or 30 seconds before an oxytocin dose (10 μU intrafemoral, 300 μU iv) greatly inhibited or suppressed the oxytocin response. A 15 second pain stimulus caused moderate inhibition. With alpha-receptor blockade pain, epinephrine, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, phenylephrine and angiotensin inhibition were, respectively, 70%, 75%, 100%, 40%, 0% and 100%. Under beta-receptor blockade the corresponding values were 14%, 40%, 0%, 70%, 100% and 100%; with simultaneous intrafemoral injections neither catecholamine was inhibitory toward oxytocin. In corresponding rabbit experiments approximately 10-fold higher iv drug dosages were applied and similar results were observed. In both species, combined alpha and beta-receptor blockade nearly eliminated the antagonistic actions of sympathomimetics toward oxytocin, whereas angiotensin inhibition persisted unchanged. The results indicate: 1) Mammary myoepithelial cells contain beta-adrenergic receptors but no alpha-receptors; 2) Inhibition of oxytocin-induced milk-ejection by isoproterenol and phenylephrine is meditated through stimulation of myoepithelial beta-receptors (myoepithelial relaxation) and vascular alpha-receptors (vasoconstriction), respectively; 3) Epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibition of milk-ejection is due to stimulation of vascular alpha-receptors and myoepithelial beta-receptors; 4) Angiotensin effects are unrelated to adrenergic receptor mechanisms; 5) Administration of both alpha and beta-adrenergic blockers is desirable for stabilizing the sensitivity of the oxytocin milk-ejection assay preparation against interference from endogenous or exogenous catecholamines; 6) Other than using adrenergic blockers, pharmacologic doses of oxytocin can correct nursing difficulties in animals and man with hyperfunction of the adrenal-sympathetic system.

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