INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 333 (8645) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Campbell ◽  
J.R.M. Armstrong ◽  
P. Byass
The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 333 (8635) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Pandey ◽  
K.R. Smith ◽  
J.S.M. Boleij ◽  
E.M. Wafula

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Ashwani ◽  
Paul Kalosona

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a major concern in India in recent years because women and young children are highly exposed to smoke of various types of unclean fuels used for cooking and heating in the household result into risk of respiratory disorders among them. The paper aims to seek association between prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children less than five years of age and use of cooking fuels in households of India. The analysis is based on 52,868 Children less than five years of age included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-2006. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of ARI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. The results indicate that Children under five years of age living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of ARI than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.38-1.72; p = .010). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population still rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and heating. Decreasing household biomass and solid fuel use and increasing use of improved stove technology may decrease the health effects of indoor air pollution. More epidemiological research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of ARI is needed to validate the findings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmi Garmini ◽  
Rachmadhi Purwana

Latar belakang: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi dan anak-anak. ISPA bisa terjadi karena pencemaran kualitas udara di luar maupun di dalam ruangan. Salah satunya gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) yang ada di tempat pembuangan sampah dapat mengganggu sistem pernapasan pada balita. Balita lebih berisiko tertular ISPA karena kekebalan tubuh yang dialami balita belum terbentuk sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi udara dalam rumah dan karakteristik balita terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Sukawinatan Kelurahan Sukajaya Palembang.Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik, desain penelitian cross sectional. Variabel terukur adalah kondisi udara dalam rumah, karakteristik balita, dan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Populasi penelitian adalah anak balita berumur 12-59 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Sukajaya dan sampel berjumlah 94 orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square, t-test independent, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Period Prevalence kejadian ISPA pada balita sebesar 59,6%. Variabel penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, perokok dalam rumah, ventilasi, status gizi dan status imunisasi secara statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita, sedangkan variabel kadar SO2 dalam rumah dan umur balita secara statistik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh bahwa variabel ventilasi rumah merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.Simpulan: Ventilasi dapat menjadi faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya ISPA, karena ventilasi mempunyai fungsi sebagai sarana sirkulasi udara sehingga dapat mengurangi pencemaran udara dalam rumah. ABSTRACTTitle: Indoor Air Pollution And Acute Respiratory Infection In Child    Under Five Years In Sukawinatan Landfills Palembang.Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI can occurs because indoor and outdoor air pollution. One of them is gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) in landfills that it can be irritate the respiratory tract in young children. Young children have higher risk of contracting ARI because the immune of young children not yet fully formed. This research aims to find out Indoor air Pollution and Characteristics of acute respiratory infection in under-fives in Sukawinatan Landfills.Methods: Type of research was analitic, cross-sectional study design. Measurement of indoor air pollution, characteristics of young children, and prevalence of acute respiratory infection. The population of this research was young children aged 12-59 months who lived in Kelurahan Sukajaya and 94 samples. Data were analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression.Results: Period Prevalence of acute respiratory infection in young children about 59,6%. Using mosquito repellent, smokers in the house, ventilation, nutrition and immunization status were significant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. While SO2 levels in the home and age of young children were insignificant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of ventilation with SO2 levels were the most dominant variable related to acute respiratory infection in young children.Conclusion: One of risk factor of acute respiratory infection is ventilation, because its function as air circulation to reduce indoor air pollution.


Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathi Ramaswamy ◽  
Kalpana Balakrishnan ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Ramaprabha P. ◽  
Rajkumar Paramasivan ◽  
...  

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
HD Joshi ◽  
R Pandeya ◽  
B Dhakal

Background: The domestic smoke exposure increases the risk of a range of common and serious diseases. Further, association of exposure with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease is quite well established in recent researches. This work was carried out to determine the health impact of indoor air pollution in rural hill region of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study on health impact of indoor air pollution to exposed kitchen dwellers and children, was done using random sampling method devised with probability proportion in Malikarjun Village Development Committee, Nepal. This study was conducted in two phases, in first phase. Adult kitchen dwellers were assessed for prevalence of respiratory disorder while in second phase, during three months Acute Respiratory Infection episodes of children below two years were recorded. Results: Eight kinds of respiratory ailments and related symptoms were prevalent in adult respondents of 42 households. Cough phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma were significantly varied with higher exposure category (P<0.05) and smoking habit (P<0.01). Peak expiratory flow rate PEFR results significantly varied with both smoking habit and exposure level both in male and female (P<0.01). Correlation analysis denoted higher prevalence of diseases and symptoms in smokers (r = 0.464; P<0.01). Acute Respiratory Infection episodes per child was significant in grade I (P<0.01) and grade II (P<0.05) for both exposure level and parental smoking habit. Conclusions: A significant association between exposure of Indoor Air Pollution and prevalence of respiratory disorders and related symptoms in kitchen dwelling adults and children was found. Key words: acute respiratory infection; exposure duration; indoor air pollution; prevalence; respiratory disorder. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3009 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 69-75


2022 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 107019
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Odo ◽  
Ian A. Yang ◽  
Sagnik Dey ◽  
Melanie S. Hammer ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (19) ◽  
pp. 3237-3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Nick Lam ◽  
Simone Brant ◽  
Christen Gray ◽  
David Pennise

Indoor Air ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Carter ◽  
C. Matt Earnest ◽  
Elliott T. Gall ◽  
Brent Stephens

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