scholarly journals Health Impact of Indoor Air Pollution

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
HD Joshi ◽  
R Pandeya ◽  
B Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Respiratory Disorder

Background: The domestic smoke exposure increases the risk of a range of common and serious diseases. Further, association of exposure with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease is quite well established in recent researches. This work was carried out to determine the health impact of indoor air pollution in rural hill region of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study on health impact of indoor air pollution to exposed kitchen dwellers and children, was done using random sampling method devised with probability proportion in Malikarjun Village Development Committee, Nepal. This study was conducted in two phases, in first phase. Adult kitchen dwellers were assessed for prevalence of respiratory disorder while in second phase, during three months Acute Respiratory Infection episodes of children below two years were recorded. Results: Eight kinds of respiratory ailments and related symptoms were prevalent in adult respondents of 42 households. Cough phlegm, breathlessness, wheezing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchial asthma were significantly varied with higher exposure category (P<0.05) and smoking habit (P<0.01). Peak expiratory flow rate PEFR results significantly varied with both smoking habit and exposure level both in male and female (P<0.01). Correlation analysis denoted higher prevalence of diseases and symptoms in smokers (r = 0.464; P<0.01). Acute Respiratory Infection episodes per child was significant in grade I (P<0.01) and grade II (P<0.05) for both exposure level and parental smoking habit. Conclusions: A significant association between exposure of Indoor Air Pollution and prevalence of respiratory disorders and related symptoms in kitchen dwelling adults and children was found. Key words: acute respiratory infection; exposure duration; indoor air pollution; prevalence; respiratory disorder. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3009 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 69-75

Effect of Indoor Air Pollution on Acute Respiratory Infection among Children in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Ashwani ◽  
Paul Kalosona
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Cooking Fuels ◽  
Clinical Measures

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a major concern in India in recent years because women and young children are highly exposed to smoke of various types of unclean fuels used for cooking and heating in the household result into risk of respiratory disorders among them. The paper aims to seek association between prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children less than five years of age and use of cooking fuels in households of India. The analysis is based on 52,868 Children less than five years of age included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005-2006. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of ARI were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. The results indicate that Children under five years of age living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of ARI than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.54; 95%CI: 1.38-1.72; p = .010). The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population still rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and heating. Decreasing household biomass and solid fuel use and increasing use of improved stove technology may decrease the health effects of indoor air pollution. More epidemiological research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of ARI is needed to validate the findings.

scholarly journals Polusi Udara Dalam Rumah Terhadap Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut pada Balita di TPA Sukawinatan Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmi Garmini ◽  
Rachmadhi Purwana
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period Prevalence

Latar belakang: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi dan anak-anak. ISPA bisa terjadi karena pencemaran kualitas udara di luar maupun di dalam ruangan. Salah satunya gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) yang ada di tempat pembuangan sampah dapat mengganggu sistem pernapasan pada balita. Balita lebih berisiko tertular ISPA karena kekebalan tubuh yang dialami balita belum terbentuk sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi udara dalam rumah dan karakteristik balita terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Sukawinatan Kelurahan Sukajaya Palembang.Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik, desain penelitian cross sectional. Variabel terukur adalah kondisi udara dalam rumah, karakteristik balita, dan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Populasi penelitian adalah anak balita berumur 12-59 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Sukajaya dan sampel berjumlah 94 orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square, t-test independent, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Period Prevalence kejadian ISPA pada balita sebesar 59,6%. Variabel penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, perokok dalam rumah, ventilasi, status gizi dan status imunisasi secara statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita, sedangkan variabel kadar SO2 dalam rumah dan umur balita secara statistik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh bahwa variabel ventilasi rumah merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.Simpulan: Ventilasi dapat menjadi faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya ISPA, karena ventilasi mempunyai fungsi sebagai sarana sirkulasi udara sehingga dapat mengurangi pencemaran udara dalam rumah. ABSTRACTTitle: Indoor Air Pollution And Acute Respiratory Infection In Child    Under Five Years In Sukawinatan Landfills Palembang.Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI can occurs because indoor and outdoor air pollution. One of them is gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) in landfills that it can be irritate the respiratory tract in young children. Young children have higher risk of contracting ARI because the immune of young children not yet fully formed. This research aims to find out Indoor air Pollution and Characteristics of acute respiratory infection in under-fives in Sukawinatan Landfills.Methods: Type of research was analitic, cross-sectional study design. Measurement of indoor air pollution, characteristics of young children, and prevalence of acute respiratory infection. The population of this research was young children aged 12-59 months who lived in Kelurahan Sukajaya and 94 samples. Data were analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression.Results: Period Prevalence of acute respiratory infection in young children about 59,6%. Using mosquito repellent, smokers in the house, ventilation, nutrition and immunization status were significant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. While SO2 levels in the home and age of young children were insignificant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of ventilation with SO2 levels were the most dominant variable related to acute respiratory infection in young children.Conclusion: One of risk factor of acute respiratory infection is ventilation, because its function as air circulation to reduce indoor air pollution.

Indoor Air Pollution due to Biomass Fuel Combustion and Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under 5 in Trichy District of Rural Tamilnadu, India

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathi Ramaswamy ◽  
Kalpana Balakrishnan ◽  
Santu Ghosh ◽  
Ramaprabha P. ◽  
Rajkumar Paramasivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Children Under 5

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality and its Health Impacts in Thame, Sagarmath National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
pp. 1073-1081
Author(s):  
Atindra Sapkota ◽  
Sandeep Shrestha ◽  
Sanjay N. Khanal ◽  
Annalisa Cogo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee

In many developing world, respiratory problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been of major concern and is attributed to the indoor air pollution. The aim of this study was to monitor the indoor air quality and assess its health impact on 104 subjects of 35 households of Thame Village Development Committee, Solukhumbu District. It was carried out for nine days in November 2008. In the Kitchen, emission of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Particulate matter (PM) in the size range ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were monitored as an indicator of indoor air pollution. The instruments used were UCB particulate monitor and HOBO CO meter. Similarly, Spirometer was used to assess the respiratory function. PM2.5, concentration varied between 0.4mg/m3 and 10mg/m3. Maximum concentration of about 10 mg/m3 was observed for traditional cooking stove (TCS) with no chimneys. For the modern or improved cooking stoves ICS) with ventilation from pipes and chimneys, the concentrations were below 0.4mg/m3. Similarly, the average indoor air CO concentration for 8 hours has been found to be between 5 and 30 ppm, depending on different stove types. The highest concentration of about 200 ppm was observed at the time of cooking (ca. 2 hours average) using TCS with chimney only. In addition, health spirometry test was performed on 70 subjects of Thame Village Development Committee (VDC) and 34 subjects of different villages and background. The spirometry test indicated that ca. 14% of the subjects showed mild obstruction whereas ca. 5% showed moderate obstruction. It has to be noted that despite the recent switch to the alternative cleaner energy source from the polluting solid fuels, the long term exposure in the past might show its adverse effect in the old ages.

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 333 (8635) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Pandey ◽  
K.R. Smith ◽  
J.S.M. Boleij ◽  
E.M. Wafula
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution

scholarly journals Thorium and fetal neural tube defects: an epidemiological evidence from large case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yiming Pang ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Rongwei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Thorium Concentration ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Thorium is ubiquitous in the environment and its relationship with birth defects is still under discussion. This study aimed to investigate the associations of maternal exposure to thorium with risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) by using a case–control study, as well as the relationship between thorium exposure and the indoor air pollution from coal combustion. Methods This study was conducted in 11 local healthcare hospitals during 2003–2007 in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, China. A total of 774 mothers were included as participants who delivering 263 fetuses with NTDs including 123 with anencephaly, 115 with spina bifida, 18 with encephalocele, and 7 other NTD subtypes (cases), and 511 health fetuses without NTDs (controls). Their hair samples were collected as close as to the occipital posterior scalp, of which those grew from 3 months before to 3 months after conception was cut to measure the thorium concentration by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results We found a higher hair thorium concentration in the total NTD cases with 0.901 (0.588–1.382) ng/g hair [median (inter-quartile range)] than that in the controls with a value of 0.621 (0.334–1.058) ng/g hair. Similar results were found for the three concerned NTD subtypes. Maternal hair thorium concentration above its median of the controls was associated with an increased risk of the total NTDs with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.63)] by adjusting for all confounders. There was obvious dose-response relationship between maternal hair thorium concentration and the risk of total NTDs, as well as their two subtypes (i.e. anencephaly and spina bifida). Maternal hair thorium concentration was positive associated with their exposure level to indoor air pollution from coal combustion during cooking. Conclusions Overall, our findings revealed that maternal periconceptional thorium exposure was associated with the risk of NTDs in North China. Reducing the coal usage in the household cooking activities may decrease maternal thorium exposure level. Graphical abstract

PROXY EXPOSURE INDICATORS FOR INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, HEALTH IMPACT AND DEPRIVATION IN THE MARCHE REGION, ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1746
Author(s):  
Katiuscia Di Biagio ◽  
Marco Baldini ◽  
Luca Formenti ◽  
Aurora Luciani ◽  
Lara Rita Napolitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Exposure Indicators

scholarly journals Types of cooking stove and risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among under-five children: a cross sectional study in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudesh Raj Sharma ◽  
Nitin Nischal Bhandari ◽  
Ram Bhandari ◽  
Kusum Wagle ◽  
Mukesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: In Nepal, about 75% people rely on wood and other biomass fuels for cooking. The majority of Nepali families cook on a traditional stove, an open fire in the kitchen resulting in indoor air pollution, one of the key risk factors for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) among under-five children.The study aimed at exploring the association of indoor air pollution due to use of traditional cooking stoves with ALRI among under-five children in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rasuwa district from October to November 2011. The mothers with under-five children who lived in household using biomass fuels were interviewed. The total sample size of 210, calculated on the basis of Proportion to Population Size, was selected by using cluster sampling method. Children who suffered from common cold and fast breathing/higher respiratory rate were defined as having ALRI. Logistic regression was used to find out association of types of cooking stove and other factors with ALRI among the children.Results: Only about 30% of the households used improved stoves for cooking. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the children under five years of age who lived in household using biomass fuels suffered from ALRI. After adjusting for the factors like mother’s group status, ethnic group, age of children, mother’s group membership status and father’s occupation, use of traditional/open type of cooking stove was found to be highly associated with ALRI [aOR:2.30; 95%CI (1.03-5.10)] among children.Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from a traditional stove is one of the factors leading to ALRI among children. The ALRI could be substantially reduced if these stoves be replaced by improved ones in rural areas of Nepal.

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