The effects of various levels of several substrates and hormones on the glycogen content of mouse hemidiaphragm in vitro in the presence and absence of insulin were determined. Pyruvate (0.64 mg/ml) increased glycogen. Acetoacetate (0.16 mg/ml), β-hydroxybutyrate (2.5 mg/ml), and lactate (2.5 mg/ml) increased glycogen only in the presence of glucose and insulin. A mixture of 19 amino acids (0.2 mg/ml of each) had no effect. Growth hormone (100 μg/ml) had no effect in the absence of insulin, but increased glycogen in the presence of glucose and insulin. Prolactin, thyrotrophin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, oxytocin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, cysteine-treated glucagon, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (512 μg/ml), vasopressin (5.25 μg/ml), and Cortisol (16 μg/ml) had no effect. Epinephrine (0.01 μg/ml) and norepinephrine (0.1 μg/ml) had no effect, but epinephrine (0.1 μg/ml) and norepinephrine (1 μg/ml) decreased glycogen content. At physiologic levels of the tested materials, only glucose and insulin altered the glycogen content of mouse hemidiaphragm.
