A comparison of the rate of refractive growth in pediatric aphakic and pseudophakic eyes 1 1No author has a financial interest in the subject matter of the manuscript. No author has a financial interest in the Pediatric IOL Calculator. 2 2The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Defense, or the US Government.

Ophthalmology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K McClatchey ◽  
Elie Dahan ◽  
Eduardo Maselli ◽  
Howard V Gimbel ◽  
M.Edward Wilson ◽  
...  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Brian Flanagan

The point of judicial recusal is at once obvious and elusive.  The idea of a partial judge immediately grates on our sense of fairness.  Almost invariably, the normative basis of judicial impartiality is traced to what is described as ‘natural justice’;1 specifically the celebrated maxims of nemo iudex in causa sua2 and audi alteram partem.3  But the relationship of this moral bedrock to the exigencies and settled practices of constitutional adjudication is far from straightforward.  This article will focus on the implications of the latter principle – perhaps best translated as a standard of judicial open-mindedness regarding the subject matter of a dispute.  Despite its moral immediacy, there are serious theoretical objections, best described as ‘realist,’ to an expansive conception of judicial open-mindedness.  Likewise, at a practical level, the institution of the dissenting opinion can be seen as diluting the duty to keep an open mind, at least in jurisdictions such as the US where judges are expected to exhibit relatively little deference towards previous decisions in which they were outvoted.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Sutterer

Abstract In February 2021 the Paris Court of Appeal (Cour d’appel de Paris) rendered a decision against the US artist Jeff Koons, holding that he had infringed copyright relating to an advertisement photography that was more than 30 years old. Jeff Koons is famous for his Neo-pop Appropriation art – kitsch for some, a provocative breach with the traditional notion of art for others. It was not the first time Koons has had to defend his work in court. The French decision is particularly interesting, however, as it shows a very narrow understanding of the copyright exceptions. It is an illustrative example of the issues resulting from CJEU’s approach in Pelham, Spiegel Online and Funke Medien, where the Court held that once the recognisability of original elements has been established, the only way out of the infringement leads through the formal exceptions and limitations of the InfoSoc Directive. Based on the decision, I will reflect on the openness of copyright for art-specific forms of referencing and in particular analyse the subject matter and scope of the parody exception and contrast it with less formal approaches to consider new creative elements. I will also analyse the question of applicable law in internet cases.


BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e025783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A Maggio ◽  
Chelsea L Ratcliff ◽  
Melinda Krakow ◽  
Laura L Moorhead ◽  
Asura Enkhbayar ◽  
...  

ObjectiveTo characterise how online media coverage of journal articles on cancer funded by the US government varies by cancer type and stage of the cancer control continuum and to compare the disease prevalence rates with the amount of funded research published for each cancer type and with the amount of media attention each receives.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe United States.ParticipantsThe subject of analysis was 11 436 journal articles on cancer funded by the US government published in 2016. These articles were identified via PubMed and characterised as receiving online media attention based on data provided by Altmetric.Results16.8% (n=1925) of articles published on US government-funded research were covered in the media. Published journal articles addressed all common cancers. Frequency of journal articles differed substantially across the common cancers, with breast cancer (n=1284), lung cancer (n=630) and prostate cancer (n=586) being the subject of the most journal articles. Roughly one-fifth to one-fourth of journal articles within each cancer category received online media attention. Media mentions were disproportionate to actual burden of each cancer type (ie, incidence and mortality), with breast cancer articles receiving the most media mentions. Scientific articles also covered the stages of the cancer continuum to varying degrees. Across the 13 most common cancer types, 4.4% (n=206) of articles focused on prevention and control, 11.7% (n=550) on diagnosis and 10.7% (n=502) on therapy.ConclusionsFindings revealed a mismatch between prevalent cancers and cancers highlighted in online media. Further, journal articles on cancer control and prevention received less media attention than other cancer continuum stages. Media mentions were not proportional to actual public cancer burden nor volume of scientific publications in each cancer category. Results highlight a need for continued research on the role of media, especially online media, in research dissemination.


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