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2022 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104081
Author(s):  
Mark Buller ◽  
Rebecca Fellin ◽  
Max Bursey ◽  
Meghan Galer ◽  
Emma Atkinson ◽  
...  

ObjectiveExertional heat stroke (EHS), characterised by a high core body temperature (Tcr) and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, is a concern for athletes, workers and military personnel who must train and perform in hot environments. The objective of this study was to determine whether algorithms that estimate Tcr from heart rate and gait instability from a trunk-worn sensor system can forward predict EHS onset.MethodsHeart rate and three-axis accelerometry data were collected from chest-worn sensors from 1806 US military personnel participating in timed 4/5-mile runs, and loaded marches of 7 and 12 miles; in total, 3422 high EHS-risk training datasets were available for analysis. Six soldiers were diagnosed with heat stroke and all had rectal temperatures of >41°C when first measured and were exhibiting CNS dysfunction. Estimated core temperature (ECTemp) was computed from sequential measures of heart rate. Gait instability was computed from three-axis accelerometry using features of pattern dispersion and autocorrelation.ResultsThe six soldiers who experienced heat stroke were among the hottest compared with the other soldiers in the respective training events with ECTemps ranging from 39.2°C to 40.8°C. Combining ECTemp and gait instability measures successfully identified all six EHS casualties at least 3.5 min in advance of collapse while falsely identifying 6.1% (209 total false positives) examples where exertional heat illness symptoms were neither observed nor reported. No false-negative cases were noted.ConclusionThe combination of two algorithms that estimate Tcr and ataxic gate appears promising for real-time alerting of impending EHS.


Author(s):  
Olga A. Solopova ◽  
Ksenia A. Naumova

The political rhetoric prevailing in democratic countries does not allow an open demonstration of commitment to military means of conflict resolution and, therefore, naturally gives rise to a special type of discourse, the linguistic and extralinguistic contexts of which are determined by the goal of initiating a war. This study aims to analyze the components of military-political discourse, as well as the ways they are implemented in the texts and the role they play in manipulating public opinion. The authors defines military-political discourse as the discourse of political elites accompanying various stages of military operations and developed to substantiate the need for their initiation based on the fundamental values of a particular society. The relevance of this study is determined both by the increased interest in military conflicts in modern society and by the insufficient study of military-political discourse in general. Address to the nation is one of the main genres of military-political discourse. The novelty of the research is determined by the authors approach to the analysis and interpretation of military-political discourse. The original texts of the addresses to the nation by B. Obama and D. Trump dedicated to the US military operations in Syria are used as the research material. The choice of these texts is due to their significant role in the coverage of the US Syrian campaign. Describing military-political discourse requires the use of a number of methods, namely descriptive and comparative methods, dictionary definitions and contextual analyses, as well as the method of critical discourse analysis. The authors established that, regardless of the administration in power, address to the nation as a genre of military-political discourse implies a certain scenario based on the following scheme: greeting - address to the nation agenda - description of US actions - description of violence (accusations) - description of the US role in the world - reference to previous military campaigns - call to action. The authors comes to the conclusion that each of these components plays a substantial role in the structure of military-political discourse and is realized through a certain set of discursive means that do not depend on the political preferences of a speaker.


2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110634
Author(s):  
Meagan R. Chuey ◽  
Rebekah J. Stewart ◽  
Maroya Walters ◽  
Emily J. Curren ◽  
Susan L. Hills ◽  
...  

In February 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, 232 evacuees from Wuhan, China, were placed under federal 14-day quarantine upon arrival at a US military base in San Diego, California. We describe the monitoring of evacuees and responders for symptoms of COVID-19, case and contact investigations, infection control procedures, and lessons learned to inform future quarantine protocols for evacuated people from a hot spot resulting from a novel pathogen. Thirteen (5.6%) evacuees had COVID-19–compatible symptoms and 2 (0.9%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Two case investigations identified 43 contacts; 3 (7.0%) contacts had symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily symptom and temperature screening of evacuees and enacted infection control procedures resulted in rapid case identification and isolation and no detected secondary transmission among evacuees or responders. Lessons learned highlight the challenges associated with public health response to a novel pathogen and the evolution of mitigation strategies as knowledge of the pathogen evolves.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Kangmin Zhu ◽  
Aida M. Soliván-Ortiz ◽  
Stacy L. Larsen ◽  
Scott P. Irwin ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Yuan Shu

Throughits reading of Lan Cao’s Monkey Bridge, credited as the first Vietnamese American novel, this article seeksto investigate the discourse of reconciliation or refugee settlement in the context of the changing US master narratives from Empire to Cold War 2.0. Itarguesthat Cao’s novel in its effort to register a South Vietnamese perspective reorients modern Vietnamese experiences in relation to the US sense of democracy and freedom and in the process challenges what Donald Pease calls the state fantasy of American exceptionalism in the US military intervention in Vietnam. What Cao’s novel achieves is to blur the boundary between nationalism and communism in its representation of the Vietnamese struggle for independence in its early stage and to humanize and rehabilitate the Vietcong soldier as a possibly assimilable “us” rather than as simply “them” in the realm of the other.


2021 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simen Å. Ellingsen

Vessels – in the widest sense – travelling on a water surface continuously do work the water surrounding it, causing energy to be radiated in the form of surface waves. The concomitant resistance force, the wave resistance, can account for as much as half the total drag on the vessel, so reducing it to a minimum has been a major part of ship design research for many decades. Whether the ‘vessel’ is an ocean-going ship or a swimming duckling, the physics governing the V-shaped pattern of radiated waves behind it is in essence the same, and just as fuel economy is important for commercial vessels, it is reasonable to assume that also swimming waterfowl seek to minimise their energy expenditure. Using theory and methods from classic marine hydrodynamics, Yuan et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 928, 2021, R2) consider whether, by organising themselves optimally, ducklings in a row behind a mother duck can reduce, eliminate or even reverse their individual wave resistance. They describe two mechanisms which they term ‘wave riding’ and ‘wave passing.’ The former is intuitive: the ducklings closest to the mother can receive a forward push by riding its mother's stern waves. The latter is perhaps a more striking phenomenon: when the interduckling distance is precisely right, every duckling in the row can, in principle, swim without wave resistance due to destructive wave interference. The phenomenon appears to be the same as motivates the recent US military research project Sea Train, a row of unmanned vehicles travelling in row formation.


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