scholarly journals Erratum to “Acrylamide Neuropathy II. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Nerve Cell Damage in Brainstem and Spinal Cord” [NeuroToxicology 23 (2002) 415–429]

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Acrylamide Neuropathy

scholarly journals Engineered Exosomes Derived From Primary M2 Macrophages With Anti-inflammatory And Neuroprotective Properties For The Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjie Zhang ◽  
Daoyong Li ◽  
Hengshuo Hu ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Jinyu An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Uncontrollable inflammation and nerve cell apoptosis are the most destructive pathological response after spinal cord injury (SCI). So, inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotection is one of the most promising strategies to treat SCI. Engineered exosomes with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties are promising candidates for the implementation of this strategies for the treatment of SCI. Results: By combining nerve growth factor (NGF) and curcumin (Cur), we prepared stable engineered exosomes of approximately 120 nm from primary M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties (Cur@EXs-cl-NGF). Notably, NGF was coupled with EXs by matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-cleavable linker to accurately release at the injured site. Through targeted experiments, we found that these exosomes could actively and effectively accumulate at the injured site of SCI mice, which greatly improved the bioavailability of the drugs. Subsequently, Cur@EXs-cl-NGF reached the injured site and could effectively inhibit the uncontrollable inflammatory response to protect the spinal cord from secondary damage; in addition, Cur@EXs-cl-NGF could release NGF into the microenvironment in time to exert a neuroprotective effect against nerve cell damage. Conclusions: A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the engineered exosomes significantly improved the microenvironment after injury and promoted the recovery of motor function after SCI. We provide a new method for inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotective strategies to treat SCI.

scholarly journals Engineered extracellular vesicles derived from primary M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for the treatment of spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjie Zhang ◽  
Daoyong Li ◽  
Hengshuo Hu ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Jinyu An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Uncontrollable inflammation and nerve cell apoptosis are the most destructive pathological response after spinal cord injury (SCI). So, inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotection is one of the most promising strategies to treat SCI. Engineered extracellular vesicles with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties are promising candidates for implementing these strategies for the treatment of SCI. Results By combining nerve growth factor (NGF) and curcumin (Cur), we prepared stable engineered extracellular vesicles of approximately 120 nm from primary M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties (Cur@EVs−cl−NGF). Notably, NGF was coupled with EVs by matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-a cleavable linker to release at the injured site accurately. Through targeted experiments, we found that these extracellular vesicles could actively and effectively accumulate at the injured site of SCI mice, which greatly improved the bioavailability of the drugs. Subsequently, Cur@EVs−cl−NGF reached the injured site and could effectively inhibit the uncontrollable inflammatory response to protect the spinal cord from secondary damage; in addition, Cur@EVs−cl−NGF could release NGF into the microenvironment in time to exert a neuroprotective effect against nerve cell damage. Conclusions A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the engineered extracellular vesicles significantly improved the microenvironment after injury and promoted the recovery of motor function after SCI. We provide a new method for inflammation suppression combined with neuroprotective strategies to treat SCI. Graphical Abstract

Managing spinal cord trauma

2019 ◽  
pp. 781-788
Author(s):  
Saksith Smithason ◽  
Bryan S. Lee ◽  
Edward C. Benzel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Spinal Cord Trauma ◽  
Prolonged Hospital Stay ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Spinal Cord Function ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury (SCI), either traumatic or non-traumatic in aetiology, leads to temporary or permanent damage to the spinal cord function. Significant efforts have been directed towards the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of SCI. Both primary and secondary mechanisms of SCI exist, leading to immediate and often irreversible cell damage. Immediate treatment and adequate management in the setting of acute SCI are essential, preservation of even a small amount of functional neuronal tissue can permit ambulation. SCI is associated with a prolonged hospital stay, rehabilitation stay, and often associated with enormous monetary costs. Neurological recovery after SCI is largely dependent on the extent of injury. The management of SCI and the determination of the role and timing of surgical decompression remain crucial and yet controversial. Further epidemiological research and studies are warranted in order to enhance healthcare planning and cost-effectiveness.

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