Soil parameters and plant responses associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas from contrasting grassland management regimes

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R Eason ◽  
J Scullion ◽  
E.P Scott
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Management ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Management Regimes

scholarly journals The challenge of abandonment for the sustainable management of Palaearctic natural and semi-natural grasslands

Hacquetia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Stephen Venn ◽  
Michał Żmihorski ◽  
Idoia Biurrun ◽  
Rocco Labadessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity

Abstract Disturbance by biomass removal is a crucial mechanism maintaining the diversity of Palaearctic grasslands, which are unique biodiversity hotspots. The century-long traditional land use of mowing, grazing and burning, has been fundamentally changed in many parts of the Palaearctic. Due to socio-economic changes, large areas of former pastures and meadows have been abandoned, leading to a succession towards secondary scrublands or forest and the encroachment of competitor grass species, all leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Here we report the causes and consequences of the cessation of traditional grassland management regimes, provide strategies for reducing the impact of abandonment and consider these from the perspective of sustainability. We consider the possibilities for initiating sustainable management regimes in the contemporary socio-economic environment, and discuss the prospects and limitation of alternative management regimes in the conservation of grassland biodiversity. These themes are also the core topics of this Special Feature, edited by the EDGG. We hope that this Special Feature will encourage steps towards more sustainable strategies for the conservation of Palaearctic grasslands and the integration of the sustainability perspective into their conservation.

Impact of grassland management regimes on bacterial endophyte diversity differs with grass species

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wemheuer ◽  
B. Wemheuer ◽  
D. Kretzschmar ◽  
B. Pfeiffer ◽  
S. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Bacterial Endophyte ◽  
Management Regimes

Mycorrhizal effects on growth and nutrition of tomato under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Shannon K. Sokolow ◽  
Louise E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

Arbuscular mycorrhizas are predicted to be important in defining plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. A mycorrhiza-defective tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant with reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (rmc) and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor (76R MYC+) were grown under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) in a controlled environment chamber-based pot study. Plant growth, nutrient contents and mycorrhizal colonisation were measured four times over a 72-day period. The 76R MYC+ plants generally had higher concentrations of P, N and Zn than their rmc counterparts. Consistent with earlier studies, mycorrhizal colonisation was not affected by eCO2. Growth of the two genotypes was very similar under ambient CO2 conditions. Under eCO2 the mycorrhizal plants initially had higher biomass, but after 72 days, biomass was lower than for rmc plants, suggesting that in this pot study the costs of maintaining carbon inputs to the fungal symbiont outweighed the benefits with time.

scholarly journals Monitoring Grassland Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon—A Matter of Scale

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Alexandra Crème ◽  
Cornelia Rumpel ◽  
Sparkle L. Malone ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
Emmanuelle Vaudour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Introduction of temporary grasslands into cropping cycles could be a sustainable management practice leading to increased soil organic carbon (SOC) to contribute to climate change adaption and mitigation. To investigate the impact of temporary grassland management practices on SOC storage of croplands, we used a spatially resolved sampling approach combined with geostatistical analyses across an agricultural experiment. The experiment included blocks (0.4- to 3-ha blocks) of continuous grassland, continuous cropping and temporary grasslands with different durations and N-fertilizations on a 23-ha site in western France. We measured changes in SOC storage over this 9-year experiment on loamy soil and investigated physicochemical soil parameters. In the soil profiles (0–90 cm), SOC stocks ranged from 82.7 to 98.5 t ha−1 in 2005 and from 81.3 to 103.9 t ha−1 in 2014. On 0.4-ha blocks, the continuous grassland increased SOC in the soil profile with highest gains in the first 30 cm, while losses were recorded under continuous cropping. Where temporary grasslands were introduced into cropping cycles, SOC stocks were maintained. These observations were only partly confirmed when changing the scale of observation to 3-ha blocks. At the 3-ha scale, most grassland treatments exhibited both gains and losses of SOC, which could be partly related to soil physicochemical properties. Overall, our data suggest that both management practices and soil characteristics determine if carbon will accumulate in SOC pools. For detailed understanding of SOC changes, a combination of measurements at different scales is necessary.

Plant nutrient acquisition and utilisation in a high carbon dioxide world

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Cavagnaro ◽  
R. M. Gleadow ◽  
R. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Global Population ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

Producing enough food to meet the needs of an increasing global population is one of the greatest challenges we currently face. The issue of food security is further complicated by impacts of elevated CO2 and climate change. In this viewpoint article, we begin to explore the impacts of elevated CO2 on two specific aspects of plant nutrition and resource allocation that have traditionally been considered separately. First, we focus on arbuscular mycorrhizas, which play a major role in plant nutrient acquisition. We then turn our attention to the allocation of resources (specifically N and C) in planta, with an emphasis on the secondary metabolites involved in plant defence against herbivores. In doing so, we seek to encourage a more integrated approach to investigation of all aspects of plant responses to eCO2.

Phosphorus and intraspecific density alter plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas

2004 ◽  
Vol 264 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle S. Schroeder ◽  
David P. Janos
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Plant Responses

Arbuscular mycorrhizas modify plant responses to soil zinc addition

2009 ◽  
Vol 329 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Richard Cavagnaro ◽  
Sandy Dickson ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Zinc Addition ◽  
Soil Zinc

Global environmental change and the biology of arbuscular mycorrhizas: gaps and challenges

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Fitter ◽  
A Heinemeyer ◽  
R Husband ◽  
E Olsen ◽  
K P Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Impact

Our ability to make predictions about the impact of global environmental change on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and on their role in regulating biotic response to such change is seriously hampered by our lack of knowledge of the basic biology of these ubiquitous organisms. Current information suggests that responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 will be largely controlled by host-plant responses, but that AM fungi will respond directly to elevated soil temperature. Field studies, however, suggest that changes in vegetation in response to environmental change may play the largest role in determining the structure of the AM fungal community. Nevertheless, the direct response of AM fungi to temperature may have large implications for rates of C cycling. New evidence shows that AM fungal hyphae may be very short lived, potentially acting as a rapid route by which C may cycle back to the atmospohere; we need, therefore, to measure the impact of soil temperature on hyphal turnover. There is also an urgent need to discover the extent to which AM fungal species are differentially adapted to abiotic environmental factors, as they apparently are to plant hosts. If they do show such an adaptation, and if the number of species is much greater than the number currently described (150), as seems almost certain, then there is the potential for several new fields of study, including community ecology and biogeography of AM fungi, and these will give us new insights into the impacts of global environmental change on AM fungi in moderating the impacts of global environmental change on ecosystems.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, temperature, diversity, community structure, ecosystem, carbon cycle.

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