Impact of grassland management regimes on bacterial endophyte diversity differs with grass species

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wemheuer ◽  
B. Wemheuer ◽  
D. Kretzschmar ◽  
B. Pfeiffer ◽  
S. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Bacterial Endophyte ◽  
Management Regimes

scholarly journals The challenge of abandonment for the sustainable management of Palaearctic natural and semi-natural grasslands

Hacquetia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Stephen Venn ◽  
Michał Żmihorski ◽  
Idoia Biurrun ◽  
Rocco Labadessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grassland Biodiversity

Abstract Disturbance by biomass removal is a crucial mechanism maintaining the diversity of Palaearctic grasslands, which are unique biodiversity hotspots. The century-long traditional land use of mowing, grazing and burning, has been fundamentally changed in many parts of the Palaearctic. Due to socio-economic changes, large areas of former pastures and meadows have been abandoned, leading to a succession towards secondary scrublands or forest and the encroachment of competitor grass species, all leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Here we report the causes and consequences of the cessation of traditional grassland management regimes, provide strategies for reducing the impact of abandonment and consider these from the perspective of sustainability. We consider the possibilities for initiating sustainable management regimes in the contemporary socio-economic environment, and discuss the prospects and limitation of alternative management regimes in the conservation of grassland biodiversity. These themes are also the core topics of this Special Feature, edited by the EDGG. We hope that this Special Feature will encourage steps towards more sustainable strategies for the conservation of Palaearctic grasslands and the integration of the sustainability perspective into their conservation.

scholarly journals Bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Wemheuer ◽  
Kristin Kaiser ◽  
Petr Karlovsky ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
Stefan Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
Bacterial Endophyte ◽  
Management Regimes

Analysis of species-rich flowery grassland associations according to their ecological needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
M. Harcsa ◽  
L. Szemán
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Similar Temperature ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Temperature Water

Botanical changes were examined on a ten-year-old semi-natural grassland established using mixtures with high species diversity. The mixtures contained seventeen wild flowers of natural origin together with two leguminous and seven grass species or varieties. Three different mixtures were arranged in three replications. The grassland management system was non-intensive (without nutrient supply or irrigation). A survey involving cover assessment revealed nine residual species from among the twenty-six originally sown. The main question addressed in the study was whether there was any connection between the ecological properties of the habitat and the ecological needs of the residual species and it was concluded that all the residual species had similar temperature, water balance and soil requirements. It could be seen that the present plant association gave a good reflection of the results of soil analysis. This suggests that soil analysis should be carried out before sowing new species-rich grasslands in order to compile a mixture suited to the nature of the habitat.

Stocking rate affects plant community structure and reproductive strategies of a desirable and an undesirable grass species in an alpine steppe, Qilian Mountains, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yarong Guo ◽  
Xiong Z. He ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
Jizhou Ren
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of grazing on species reproduction is a fundamental issue of grassland management. We investigated plant density and dry weight changes at community and species levels, and the reproductive strategies of the dominant desirable Stipa purpurea and the undesirable Achnatherum inebrians grass species in response to stocking rate in an alpine steppe with a 10-year grazing history. Results showed complex patterns of plant community and reproductive strategy. Overall plant density increased with increasing stocking rate and dry weight was significantly higher at light and high stocking rates. Plant density and dry weight of A. inebrians peaked at moderate stocking rates. Higher stocking rate had little impact on S. purpurea density but significantly reduced its dry weight. Both species displayed linearly increasing/decreasing or unimodal/bimodal reproductive effort in response to increased stocking rate. The discrepancies in plant reproductive characteristics between S. purpurea and A. inebrians indicated that: (1) light and moderate grazing may promote an adaption strategy of reproduction by desirable species, which may then contribute to their maintenance in grasslands, and (2) undesirable species presence did not lead to the replacement of desirable species in the grasslands. Therefore, light and moderate stocking rates are recommended to maintain the grasslands and to increase the reproductive outputs of desirable species.

scholarly journals Means of mechanization and technological methods for the restoration of degraded mountain agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Irina Soldatova ◽  
Sergey Dzhibilov ◽  
Eduard Soldatov ◽  
Lyudmila Guluyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The authors present the results of R & D and new aggregates for improving degraded slope areas. The purpose of the study is to develop new systems of grassland management to increase soil fertility and accelerate the restoration of mountain areas. The object of the study is agricultural practices that increase the productivity of mountain phytocenoses with aggregates developed by the authors for the following operations: slitting, sowing grass seeds and applying mineral fertilizers. The tasks of the research included: to study the optimal distance between the springy stands of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2,4 and to assess the impact of the conducted agricultural practices on changing the floral composition of the grass stand, improving the plant nutrition regime and water-air regime, enriching the grass stands by seeding valuable grass species. The novelty of the technical solution is that new resource-saving methods have been developed to improve the phytocenosis of land using small-sized universal aggregates. The tests were carried out in the mountain zone of the RNO – Alania (Dargava basin, the stronghold of the SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540m above sea level in the south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 150. The pasture area is heavily degraded. The experimental section is divided into three repetitions. The width of each repetition is 2.4 m, the length is 10 m, the dividing strips are 1m, the side strips are 2.4 m. The total area of the experimental site located across the slope is 184.2 m2. Results. It was found that a higher yield for three years of observations was revealed in the variant with a distance between the slits of 1.5 m. In relation to the control variant, in the first year of observations, the increase in this variant was 8.9 c/ha of dry weight, and in the third year this indicator increased to 12.5 c/ha, while in the variant with slits after 1 m, this indicator was 5.2–6.7 c/ha, respectively, and at a distance of 2.4 m – 4.3–5.1 c/ha (42 % of the soil cover).

scholarly journals Fungal Endophyte Communities of Three Agricultural Important Grass Species Differ in Their Response Towards Management Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Wemheuer ◽  
Torsten Thomas ◽  
Franziska Wemheuer
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Health It ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Despite the importance of endophytic fungi for plant health, it remains unclear how these fungi are influenced by grassland management practices. Here, we investigated the effect of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on fungal endophyte communities and their life strategies in aerial tissues of three agriculturally important grass species (Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca rubra L. and Lolium perenne L.) over two consecutive years. Our results showed that the management practices influenced fungal communities in the plant holobiont, but observed effects differed between grass species and sampling year. Phylogenetic diversity of fungal endophytes in D. glomerata was significantly affected by mowing frequency in 2010, whereas fertilizer application and the interaction of fertilization with mowing frequency had a significant impact on community composition of L. perenne in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Taken together, our research provides a basis for future studies on responses of fungal endophytes towards management practices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study simultaneously assessing fungal endophyte communities in aerial parts of three agriculturally important grass species over two consecutive years.

Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

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