Retrograde transport from the golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum

1998 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
François Letourneur ◽  
Pierre Cosson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Retrograde Transport

scholarly journals The small molecule dispergo tubulates the endoplasmic reticulum and inhibits export

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lu ◽  
Rami N. Hannoush ◽  
Brian C. Goess ◽  
Shankar Varadarajan ◽  
Matthew D. Shair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Phenotypic Screen ◽  
Reversible Loss

The mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that maintains a complex, compartmentalized organization of interconnected cisternae and tubules while supporting a continuous flow of newly synthesized proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus. Using a phenotypic screen, we identify a small molecule, dispergo, that induces reversible loss of the ER cisternae and extensive ER tubulation, including formation of ER patches comprising densely packed tubules. Dispergo also prevents export from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, and this traffic block results in breakdown of the Golgi apparatus, primarily due to maintenance of the constitutive retrograde transport of its components to the ER. The effects of dispergo are reversible, since its removal allows recovery of the ER cisternae at the expense of the densely packed tubular ER patches. This recovery occurs together with reactivation of ER-to-Golgi traffic and regeneration of a functional Golgi with correct morphology. Because dispergo is the first small molecule that reversibly tubulates the ER and inhibits its export function, it will be useful in studying these complex processes.

scholarly journals The proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14 regulates macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Bustamante ◽  
K Cereceda ◽  
AE González ◽  
GE Valenzuela ◽  
Y Cheuquemilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzyme ◽  
20S Proteasome ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Pharmacological Inhibition ◽  
Protein Membrane ◽  
A Subunit

ABSTRACTUbiquitination regulates several biological processes. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1,187 genes of the human “ubiquitinome” using Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel key regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 caused a robust and rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport which leads to a potent blockage of macroautophagy by a mechanism associated with the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. Because pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and their K-63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulator factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.

scholarly journals The Brefeldin A-induced Retrograde Transport from the Golgi Apparatus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Depends on Calcium Sequestered to Intracellular Stores

1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (43) ◽  
pp. 25960-25967 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Erwin Ivessa ◽  
Carmen De Lemos-Chiarandini ◽  
Diego Gravotta ◽  
David D. Sabatini ◽  
Gert Kreibich
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Retrograde Transport

scholarly journals Molecular Motor KIF1C Is Not Essential for Mouse Survival and Motor-Dependent Retrograde Golgi Apparatus-to-Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Nakajima ◽  
Yosuke Takei ◽  
Yosuke Tanaka ◽  
Terunaga Nakagawa ◽  
Takao Nakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT KIF1C is a new member of the kinesin superfamily of proteins (KIFs), which act as microtubule-based molecular motors involved in intracellular transport. We cloned full-length mouse kif1C cDNA, which turned out to have a high homology to a mitochondrial motor KIF1Bα and to be expressed ubiquitously. To investigate the in vivo significance of KIF1C, we generated kif1C −/− mice by knocking in the β-galactosidase gene into the motor domain of kif1C gene. On staining of LacZ, we detected its expression in the heart, liver, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Unexpectedly, kif1C −/− mice were viable and showed no obvious abnormalities. Because immunocytochemistry showed partial colocalization of KIF1C with the Golgi marker protein, we compared the organelle distribution in primary lung fibroblasts from kif1C +/+ and kif1C −/− mice. We found that there was no significant difference in the distribution of the Golgi apparatus or in the transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) facilitated by brefeldin A between the two cells. This retrograde membrane transport was further confirmed to be normal by time-lapse analysis. Consequently, KIF1C is dispensable for the motor-dependent retrograde transport from the Golgi apparatus to the ER.

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

Spermatogenesis in the Dragonfly with Particular Reference to the Cytoplasmic Organelles

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sant S. Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Insect Sperm ◽  
Large Round

Although there have been numerous studies concerning the morphogenetic changes accompanying the maturation of insect sperm, only a few deal with the sperm differentiation in the dragonflies. In two recent electron microscopic studies Kessel, has comprehensively treated the erlationship of microtubules to the nucleus and mid-piece structures during spermiogenesis in the dragonfly. The purpose of this study is to follow the sequential nuclear and cytoplasmic changes which accompany the differentiation of spermatogonium into a mature sperm during spermatogenesis in the dragonfly (Aeschna sp.).The dragonfly spermatogonia are characterized by large round nuclei. Loosely organized chromatin is usually unevenly distributed within the spermatogonial nuclei. The scant cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus contains mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, elements of endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes (Fig. 1).

An Ultra-Structural Study of Human Melanoma in Vivo and Vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
James R. Gaylor ◽  
Fredda Schafer ◽  
Robert E. Nordquist
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Structural Study ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Origin

Several theories on the origin of the melanosome exist. These include the Golgi origin theory, in which a tyrosinase-rich protein is "packaged" by the Golgi apparatus, thus forming the early form of the melanosome. A second theory postulates a mitochondrial origin of melanosomes. Its author contends that the melanosome is a modified mitochondria which acquires melanin during its development. A third theory states that a pre-melanosome is formed in the smooth or rough endoplasmic reticulum. Protein aggregation is suggested by one author as a possible source of the melanosome. This fourth theory postulates that the melanosome originates when the protein products of several genetic loci aggregate in the cytoplasm of the melanocyte. It is this protein matrix on which the melanin is deposited. It was with these theories in mind that this project was undertaken.

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