PT03.06: Malnutrition in Children and Adolescents with Malignant Neoplasms: A New Parameter for Classification and Early Identification?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S40
Author(s):  
R.L. Ferretti ◽  
P.S. Maia-Lemos ◽  
K.J.T. Guedes ◽  
E.M.M. Caran
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms

Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic Tumors in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 127-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Coffin ◽  
Rita Alaggio
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Common Group

Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors in children and adolescents are a relatively common group of soft tissue proliferations that range from reactive to hamartomatous to neoplastic, with a full spectrum of benign, intermediate, and malignant neoplasms. These lesions are diagnostically challenging because of morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap, despite significant clinical, genetic, and prognostic differences. The fibromatoses are a major subgroup, and all types of fibromatoses can occur in the 1st 2 decades of life. Intermediate and malignant fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors are an important group that includes variants of fibrosarcoma and other tumors with recurrent cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities and low metastatic potential. Pathologic examination is enhanced by adjunct techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics, although morphology provides the ultimate criteria for a specific diagnosis. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents, the use of diagnostic adjuncts, and differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bose Etaniamhe Orimadegun
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

Dyslipidaemia tends to occur in children and adolescents and steadily worsens through to adulthood. The abnormal lipid profile in children with this disease is like what we see in adults with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying children with dyslipidaemia and successfully improving their lipid profile may reduce their risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and premature CVD. In those children with severe dyslipidaemia due to a family history, treatment is used to decrease the risk of cardiogenic events. Screening for lipid disorders in children is based on the rationale that early identification and control of paediatric dyslipidaemia will reduce the risk and severity of cardiovascular complications in adulthood. Though lipid disorders and associated diseases are rare in children in Africa, there has been little research in this field. Emerging research indicates that obesity and cholesterol concerns is on the rise within children and adolescents of African descent. The definition of paediatric dyslipidaemia and the approach to screening, and diagnosis of lipid disorders in children are discussed in this chapter.

Fibrohistiocytic Tumors and Related Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 181-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Black ◽  
Cheryl M. Coffin ◽  
Louis P. Dehner
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Interdigitating Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity

Fibrohistiocytic tumors (FHTs) in children and adolescents range from the benign fibrous histiocytoma, or dermatofibroma, to a variety of intermediate and malignant neoplasms, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans and high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma). Those tumors as a group are comprised of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and histiocytes-dendritic cells with a variably prominent inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Dendritic cells are also a major constituent of another group of neoplasms that include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, follicular and interdigitating cell sarcomas, and juvenile xanthogranuloma. These latter tumors are considered in this discussion for the sake of differential diagnosis and their possible histogenetic relationship to FHTs. Recent studies have suggested that the relationship between the fibroblast and histiocyte in the FHTs may reflect the intrinsic capacity to transdifferentiate from one to the other morphologic and functional state. The so-called “facultative fibroblast,” as a cell with fibroblastic and histiocytic properties, was discussed in the context of the fibrous xanthoma 50 years ago. Possibly the entire histogenetic concept of FHTs should be reconsidered in light of current studies.

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