Prevention of allergic contact dermatitis, myth or reality? Avoiding contact allergens: from basic research to development of a new medical device

Contact-allergic reactions to cosmetics may be delayed-type reactions such as allergic and photo-allergic contact dermatitis, and more exceptionally also immediate-type reactions, that is, contact urticaria. Fragrances and preservative agents are the most important contact allergens, but reactions also occur to category-specific products such as hair dyes and other hair-care products, nail cosmetics, sunscreens, as well as to antioxidants, vehicles, emulsifiers, and, in fact, any possible cosmetic ingredient. Patch and prick testing to detect the respective culprits remains the golden standard for diagnosis, although additional tests might be useful as well. Once the specific allergens are identified, the patients should be informed of which products can be safely used in the future.

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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone in a medical device

Contact Dermatitis ◽

10.1111/cod.12610 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 312-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sibylle Schliemann ◽

Marléne Isaksson ◽

Christina Persson ◽

Magnus Bruze ◽

Jörg Tittelbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Medical Device ◽

Allergic Contact

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Allergic contact dermatitis from a medical device, followed by depigmentation

Contact Dermatitis ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05903.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 204-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Reynaerts ◽

M. Bruze ◽

U. Erikstam ◽

A. Goossens

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Medical Device ◽

Allergic Contact

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Role of contact allergens in chronicity and relapses of nummular eczema

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20170972 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Renu Rattan ◽

Gita R. Tegta ◽

Vinay Shanker ◽

Ghanshyam K. Verma ◽

Anuj Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Contact Allergens ◽

Hilly Region ◽

International Contact ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Allergic Contact ◽

Nummular Eczema

Background: Endogenous eczemas are often complicated by exogenous factors like environment and contact allergens. Nummular eczema, a variant of endogenous eczema is no exception to this. Our study aimed at investigating the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis and finding offending agent responsible for chronicity or relapsing course of nummular eczema in patients from a hilly region with cold and dry environmental conditions.Methods: Forty patients of nummular eczema with a mean age of 39.1±19 years were patch tested with the Indian Standard Patch Test Series. Positive reactions were graded as per recommendations of International contact dermatitis research group.Results: Twenty one out of forty patch tested patients showed positive reactions. The most common allergens were found to be: fragrance mix in seven (17.5%) patients, nickel in five (12.5%) patients, PPD in three (7.5%) patients and gentamicin in two (5%) patients. Sensitivity to thiuram mix, black rubber mix, P. tert. butylphenol formaldehyde, neomycin, benzocaine and chinoform was observed in one patient each (2.5% each). Conclusions: Patients of nummular eczema of a hilly region are at a significant risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis owing to xerosis due to dry environmental conditions. This results in chronic nature of their disease. Patch testing should be considered in such patients and avoidance of offending allergens can improve their quality of life.

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Common Contact Sensitizers among Patients with Hand Eczema: A Multicenter-Study in Nepal

Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology ◽

10.3126/njdvl.v14i1.15809 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

S. Bhattarai ◽

A. Rijal ◽

S. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Patch Testing ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

College Teaching ◽

Hand Eczema ◽

Contact Allergens ◽

Allergic Contact

Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis in Nepal is not an uncommon disorder. Patch testing is a well established method of diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with contact dermatitis are well known to have impaired quality of life which often leads to frequent dermatological consultations.Objective: Lack of data from Nepal has prompted us to undertake this study with the aims to know the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis and the commonest contact allergens among the patients with Hand eczema attending the out-patient department of dermatology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Material and Methods: A total of 256 patients were included in the study. Out of them 195 with hand eczema agreed to participate and undergo patch testing. The antigens used included the Indian standard series of patch test allergens approved by Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Forum of India.Results: Hundred and ten cases (56.4%) were patch test positive (PTP) at 48 as well as 96 hours to at least one allergen. PTP was seen more commonly in females. The most common allergen in females was nickel sulphate followed by cobalt chloride, gentamicin and mercapto mix while males were positive to potassium dichromate, followed by epoxy resin, fragrance mix and nickel sulphate.Conclusion: Patch testing has proved a useful tool for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis and for identification of contact allergens. When positive reactions correlate with environmental exposure the test usually assists the physician in establishing the cause of dermatitis, hence treating the patients and improving their quality of life.Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Vol.14(1) 2016, pp.14-17

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Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.14.6.240 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 240-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter A. Hogan ◽

William L. Weston

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Age Group ◽

Contact Allergens ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

American Children ◽

Allergic Contact

Definition Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that follows percutaneous absorption of antigen from the skin surface and recruitment of previously sensitized, antigen-specific T lymphocytes into the skin. Epidemiology In the pediatric age group, ACD can involve either sex and manifest as early as the first week of life. A recent review of several European and US studies found that ACD may account for up to 20% of cases of dermatitis in the 0- to 14-year-old age group. Although the incidence and prevalence of the disease in the general pediatric population is unknown, epicutaneous patch testing of randomly selected and otherwise healthy children revealed that 13% to 20% were allergic to one or more common antigens, suggesting that at least 20% of children in the general population theoretically are at risk of developing ACD. When one considers poison ivy or poison oak as contact allergens prevalent in certain areas of North America, the likelihood of allergic contact dermatitis may be much higher. Pediatricians should recognize that children are sensitized to contact allergens early in life, with most children being sensitized by age 5 years. The allergens most commonly responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in North American children are listed in Table 1.

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