Neurotensin elevates hepatic bile acid secretion in chickens by a mechanism requiring an intact enterohepatic circulation

In conscious opossums, we evaluated the relationship between hepatic bile flow and the intestinal motor function during fasting as well as after feeding. In six opossums, bipolar electrodes were implanted from the gastric antrum to the terminal ileum. After cholecystectomy, the common duct was ligated, and a catheter was tied into the proximal common duct for collecting hepatic bile. During subsequent studies, hepatic bile flow was measured, and bile was returned to the duodenum through an externalized duodenal catheter. Cyclic increases in bile flow during fasting did not show a close correlate with the duodenal migratory motor complex (MMC) cycle. Rather, bile flow showed peak values [0.11 +/- 0.02 (SE) ml/min] when phase III MMC activity reached the midileum. Hepatic bile flow correlated closely with the amount of bile acid secreted by the liver. When the bile acid pool was depleted by diverting bile from the intestine, hepatic secretion of bile fell to uniformly low values of approximately 0.04 ml/min that did not show cyclic variation. Hepatic bile flow after feeding increased to a maximal value of 0.12 +/- 0.01 ml/min at 90 min. We conclude that increases in hepatic bile flow during fasting and after meals are determined mainly by variations in intestinal motor activity that alter small bowel transit and thereby affect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.

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Differing effects of norcholate and cholate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in the rat

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1984.246.1.g67 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 246 (1) ◽

pp. G67-G71

Author(s):

E. R. O'Maille ◽

S. V. Kozmary ◽

A. F. Hofmann ◽

D. Gurantz

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Bile Flow ◽

Critical Micellar Concentration ◽

Biliary Lipid ◽

Lipid Secretion ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Cholesterol Secretion ◽

Bile Acid Secretion

The effects of norcholate (a C23 bile acid that differs from cholate in having a side chain containing four rather than five carbon atoms) on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were compared with those of cholate, using the anesthetized rat with a bile fistula. Norcholate and cholate were infused intravenously over the range of 0.6-6.0 mumol X min-1 X kg-1. Both bile acids were quantitatively secreted into bile; norcholate was secreted predominantly in unconjugated form in contrast to cholate, which was secreted predominantly as its taurine or glycine conjugates. The increase in bile flow per unit increase in bile acid secretion induced by norcholate infusion [17 +/- 3.2 (SD) microliters/mumol, n = 8] was much greater than that induced by cholate infusion (8.6 +/- 0.9 microliters/mumol, n = 9) (P less than 0.001). Both bile acids induced phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. For an increase in bile acid secretion (above control values) of 1 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, the increases in phospholipid secretion [0.052 +/- 0.024 (SD) mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9] and cholesterol secretion (0.0071 +/- 0.0033 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9) induced by norcholate infusion were much less than those induced by cholate infusion (0.197 +/- 0.05 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, and 0.024 +/- 0.011 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both phospholipid and cholesterol). The strikingly different effects of norcholate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were attributed mainly to its possessing a considerably higher critical micellar concentration than cholate.

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Metabolic consequences of ileal interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00308.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (5) ◽

pp. G619-G625

Author(s):

Ivo P. van de Peppel ◽

Henkjan J. Verkade ◽

Johan W. Jonker

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Enterohepatic Circulation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Whole Body ◽

Novel Studies ◽

Sodium Dependent ◽

Bile Acid Transporter ◽

Bile Acid Secretion ◽

Different Levels

The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids comprises a tightly regulated process of hepatic bile acid secretion, intestinal reabsorption and transport back to the liver. Disruption of this process has significant consequences for gastrointestinal, liver and whole body homeostasis and therefore offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this review we discuss the effects of (pharmacological) interruption of the enterohepatic circulation at different levels. Recently, several studies have been published on ileal interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, targeting the apical-sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2), as therapy for various diseases. However, ambiguous results have been reported and in-depth mechanistic insights are lacking. Here we discuss these novel studies and review the current knowledge on the consequences of ASBT inhibition and its potential effects on physiology and metabolism.

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Decrease of bile flow and bile acid secretion after stimulation of hepatic nerves in the perfused liver

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(87)80261-1 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. S90

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Acid Secretion ◽

Bile Flow ◽

Perfused Liver ◽

Hepatic Nerves ◽

Bile Acid Secretion ◽

Stimulation Of

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