Prevention of Bicycle-Related Head Injuries

Transorbital penetration accounts for one-quarter of the penetrating head injuries (PHIs) in adults and half of those in children. Injuries that traverse (with complete penetration of) the brainstem are often fatal, with survivors rarely seen in clinical practice. Here, the authors describe the case of a 16-year-old male who suffered and recovered from an accidental transorbital PHI traversing the brainstem—the first case of complete neurological recovery following such injury. Neuroimaging captured the trajectory of the initial injury. A delayed-onset carotid cavernous fistula and the subsequent development of internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysms were managed by endovascular embolization.The authors also review the relevant literature. Sixteen cases of imaging-confirmed PHI traversing the brainstem have been reported, 14 involving the pons and 12 penetrating via the transorbital route. Management and outcome of PHI are informed by object velocity, material, entry point, trajectory, relationship to neurovascular structures, and the presence of a retained foreign body. Trauma resuscitation is followed by a careful neurological examination and appropriate neuroimaging. Ophthalmological examination is performed if transorbital penetration is suspected, as injuries may be occult; the potential for neurovascular complications highlights the value of angiography. The featured case shows that complete recovery is possible following injury that traverses the brainstem.

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Factors associated with intracranial hypertension in children and teenagers who suffered severe head injuries

Jornal de Pediatria ◽

10.2223/jped.1960 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sérgio Diniz Guerra ◽

Luis Fernando Andrade Carvalho ◽

Carolina Araújo Affonseca ◽

Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

Heliane Brant Machado Freire

Keyword(s):

Intracranial Hypertension ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hypertension In Children

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Padded Headgear does not Reduce the Incidence of Match Concussions in Professional Men’s Rugby Union: A Case-control Study of 417 Cases

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1345-9163 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keith A. Stokes ◽

Matthew Cross ◽

Sean Williams ◽

Carly McKay ◽

Brent E. Hagel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Median Number ◽

Case Control ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Return To Play ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Video Footage ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Nested Case Control

AbstractConcussion is the most common match injury in rugby union. Some players wear padded headgear, but whether this protects against concussion is unclear. In professional male rugby union players, we examined: (i) the association between the use of headgear and match concussion injury incidence, and (ii) whether wearing headgear influenced time to return to play following concussion. Using a nested case-control within a cohort study, four seasons (2013–2017) of injury data from 1117 players at the highest level of rugby union in England were included. Cases were physician-diagnosed concussion injuries. Controls were other contact injuries (excluding all head injuries). We determined headgear use by viewing video footage. Sixteen percent of cases and controls wore headgear. Headgear use had no significant effect on concussion injury incidence (adjusted odds ratio=1.05, 95% CI: 0.71–1.56). Median number of days absent for concussion whilst wearing headgear was 8 days, compared with 7 days without headgear. Having sustained a concussion in the current or previous season increased the odds of concussion more than four-fold (odds ratio=4.55, 95% CI: 3.77–5.49). Wearing headgear was not associated with lower odds of concussions or a reduced number of days' absence following a concussion.

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Head injuries

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb104378.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 146 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

W.A. Stening

Keyword(s):

Head Injuries

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Seizure‐ and syncope‐related head injuries in children: A prospective PREDICT cohort study

Emergency Medicine Australasia ◽

10.1111/1742-6723.13812 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nitaa Eapen ◽

Amit Kochar ◽

Mark D Lyttle ◽

Natalie Phillips ◽

John A Cheek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Head Injuries

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Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718780 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sukriti Das ◽

Bipin Chaurasia ◽

Dipankar Ghosh ◽

Asit Chandra Sarker

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Skull Fracture ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Government

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families. Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study. Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282). Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.

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